| Directory > Health > Child Health > Circumcision > Female Circumcision NPR : Asylum & Genital MutilationA Nigerian woman is fighting deportation, saying she needs to stay because of her 10-year-old
 daughter, who is an American citizen. The mother has overstayed her visa by more than a decade. She
 says she can't leave her daughter in the US, but she says in Nigeria, the girl would be subject to
 a painful procedure known as female genital mutilation. NPR's Barbara Bradley reports.  [4:47
 minute Realaudio segment]
 http://discover.npr.org/features/feature.jhtml?wfId=1034891
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 NPR : Nigerian Woman Challenges Mutilation Ritual
 NPR's Libby Lewis reports on a Nigerian woman who is trying to have the practice of female genital
 mutilation accepted as a violation of the anti-torture convention, which the United States has
 signed. The woman lives in Dallas, but is here illegally and fighting deportation. The woman's
 claim is that she and her 3-year-old daughter, who is a U.S. citizen, would likely be subjected to
 the mutilation ritual which is practiced in some African cultures. If her argument is accepted, it
 could open the United States to many African women who otherwise could not move here.  [4.5 minute
 Realaudio segment]
 http://discover.npr.org/features/feature.jhtml?wfId=909044
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 NPR : Atlanta Female Circumcision Case Stirs Concern
 The arrest of an Ethiopian citizen in Atlanta, Ga., raises concerns that female circumcision -- a
 form of genital mutilation common in some African nations -- is being performed on young women in
 the United States. NPR's Ari Shapiro reports. 5.5 minutes radio segment via Realplayer.
 http://www.npr.org/features/feature.php?wfId=1763682
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 Senegal bans female circumcision
 BBC News Online - Dec 23, 1998 - Senegal has banned female circumcision on cultural or religious
 grounds. Anybody found practising circumcision on girls now faces up to five years in prison.
 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/241230.stm
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 Female Circumcision for Religious and Ritual Purposes
 Definition and brief analysis of female circumcision.
 http://www.bigby.u-net.com/arch/sexism/circum.html
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 Female Genital Mutilation - A Human Rights Information Pack  (1998)
 from Amnesty International
 http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/intcam/femgen/fgm10.htm
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 A Centuries-Old Practice, A Deadly Tradition
 FGM and Religion: A False Connection -- FGM, or female circumcision as it is also - but incorrectly
 - known, is practiced by Muslims, Christians, animists, and nonbelievers in a range of communities,
 often under the mistaken belief that it is a religious dictate. - U.S. Fund for UNICEF 1998
 http://www.unicefusa.org/issues99/jan99/feature3.html
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 Welcome to Womanhood
 A video about female circumcision and the effort to stop the practice. - 14 minutes, Grades
 10-Adult, Directed by Charlotte Metcalf, Produced by TVE and BBC, 1998, VHS ISBN: 1-56029-755-7
 http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/wtw.html
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 Common Denominators Between Male and Female Circumcision
 Lists similarities between male and female circumcision.
 http://www.noharmm.org/comparison.htm
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 Knuckleheaded Islamic Thought: Female Circumcision
 An angry commentary.
 http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/circumcision/circum.html
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 Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique
 This 1959 medical journal article reveals how American medicine condoned female circumcision with
 arguments similar to those still used today to justify male circumcision.  We offer this article
 for historical reference only, as well as to emphasize these similarities and expose medical
 arrogance.
 http://www.noharmm.org/femcirctech.htm
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 Articles about Female Circumcision
 Historical articles in U.S. medicine.
 http://www.noharmm.org/morepages.htm#Science/Sociology
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 Male and Female Circumcision - Related Pages
 Anatomy and Function - Commentary - Ethics, Law, Human Rights - Religion - Science and Sociology -
 Statistics
 http://www.noharmm.org/morepages.htm
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 New Ritual Is Alternative To Female Circumcision
 by Dr. Cesar Chelala - Sep 16, 1998 - San Francisco Chronicle - A NEW APPROACH to dealing with
 female genital mutilation... offers hope for eliminating a practice that   has caused women around
 the world considerable suffering.
 http://www.fgm.org/chelala.html
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 How is Female Circumcision Trivialized?
 "In the same manner as male circumcision, of course!" - Read an extensive list of medical
 and lay comments about female circumcision.
 http://www.noharmm.org/trivial.htm
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 First lady celebrates African village that ended female circumcision
 News Star Online - Apr 2, 1998 - Hillary Rodham Clinton, meeting with villagers who have ended the
 practice of female circumcision in their community, praised the village for having started "a
 great movement."
 http://www.news-star.com/stories/040298/lfe_hillary.html
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 The Miserable Tradition Of Female Circumcision
 By Deborah Horan - Sep 28, 1997 - Inter Press Service - When Shaima Mahmoud was nine years old, her
 mother called the village midwife to the house to perform a female rite of passage that has been
 practiced among women in her Egyptian village for as long as anyone can remember.
 http://www.oneworld.org/ips2/sep/circum.html
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 Kenyan Woman Forcibly Circumcised
 African Eye News Service 07 Dec 2001
 http://allafrica.com/stories/200112070190.html
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 Female Circumcision Issues Page
 The World Health Organization had a conference in February 1979 in Khartoum, Sudan, and unanimously
 condemned the mutilations as disastrous to womens health and as indefensible on medical as well as
 humane grounds.  In the United States, Rep. Pat Schroeder has written a bill to prohibit female
 genital mutilation (FGM), H.R. 3247.
 http://www.eskimo.com/~gburlin/female.html
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 Global Women Intact
 Specializing in female circumcision, genital mutilation, and alternative ritual of passage
 information.
 http://www.celebrateclitoris.com/
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 Islam and Female Circumcision
 by Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad, Ph.D. - Minaret of Freedom Institute
 http://www.minaret.org/fgm.htm
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 Comparisons Between Male Circumcision and Female "Circumcision"
 Rising Daughters Aware
 http://www.fgm.org/MalevFemCirc.html
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 Female Genital Mutilation (Female Circumcision)
 by ReligiousTolerance.org
 http://www.religioustolerance.org/fem_cirm.htm
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 Female Circumcision: Clitorectomy and Infibulations
 Offers a selection of articles.
 http://hamp.hampshire.edu/~mnbF94/clitorectomy.html
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 The Rite of Female Circumcision
 Ethnic NewsWatch - "No one should live in fear of having parts of her genitals sliced off
 against her will."
 http://www.africa2000.com/SNDX/circum.html
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 Genital Mutilation & The United Nations: Male And Female Circumcision, Human Rights, & The Restoration Of Spiritual Integrity & Freedom
 by Anastasios Zavales - The world community is increasingly educated on crimes against humanity, in
 particular, about individuals practicing genital mutilation, commonly termed circumcision. Genital
 mutilation affects more than 2 million girlchild victims and more than 13.5 million boychild
 victims annually throughout the world.
 http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/fourth/zavales4.html
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 Female Genital Mutilation: Strategies For Eradication
 by Fran P. Hosken - Female genital mutilation - the descriptive term for the different types of
 operations are "excision" and "infibulation" - continues to be practiced in
 large regions of Africa, from the Red Sea Coast to the shores of the Atlantic. In Indonesia and
 Malaysia, less drastic forms of "female circumcision" are practiced by some of the Moslem
 populations of this region and sporadic occurrences have been registered among other mainly Moslem
 groups.
 http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/first/hosken.html
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 Mutilated Humanity
 by Ashley Montagu - The story of bodily mutilations would occupy a large volume in the story of
 humankind, and few would be more strange and interesting than those relating to male and female
 circumcision.
 http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/second/montagu.html
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 Erroneous Belief Systems  Underlying  Female Genital Mutilation in Sub-Saharan Africa  and  Male Neonatal Circumcision in the United States:  a Brief Report Updated
 Hanny Lightfoot-Klein.	 Presented at  The Third International Symposium on Circumcision,
 University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland  May 22-25, 1994.
 http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/third/hanny3.html
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 Epidemiology Of Female Sexual Castration In Cairo, Egypt
 In 1985, a group of 350 urban Egyptian women were selected to self-report on their recall of their
 female sexual castration (FSC) which they experienced as children.
 http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/first/badawi.html
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 Female Circumcision Comes to America
 by Linda Burstyn - Atlantic Monthly, Oct 1995 - Performed by new immigrants, veiled in deference to
 a cultural tradition of the developing world, female circumcision is becoming an American problem.
 http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/fgm/fgm.htm
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