| Directory > Reference > Encyclopedias > Subject Encyclopedias > Encyclopaedia of the Orient Izmir
City in Turkey with 2.1 million inhabitants, situated in the west of Turkey.
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Istanbul
Largest city in Turkey with 8,0 million inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Bosporus.
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Israel
Independent republic, but not recognized by a most countries in the Middle East. Divided into 6
districts.
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Islamism
Group of ideologies in Islam that want to use the Sharia to its full extent.
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Islam
A religion with more than 1,400 million believers. It is dominant in East- and North Africa, Middle
East, Central Asia and in Indonesia.
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Isa
(Jesus) In Christianity, a central religious person, either seen as God in human body or as son of
God born by a woman. In Islam and Baha'i, one of the central prophets, as well as miracle worker
(always called Isa).
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Iriha
City in Palestine with about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the West Bank, in the Jordan Valley.
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Iraq
Independent republic, divided into 18 governorates. Under the control of a US-led force since April
2003.
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Iran-Iraq War
War between Iran and Iraq, lasting from 1980 to 1988, caused by disagreements on the borderline
between the two countries.
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Iran
Independent Islamic republic, divided into 28 provinces. Heads of state: Leader of the Islamic
Revolution (Wali Faqih) Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei and President Mohammed Khatami.
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Intifada
Uprising in the Palestinian occupied territories from 1987 to 1993, in protest against the Israeli
occupation and politics.
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Ihram
1: State of sacredness in which a Muslim performs hajj and umra. 2: Garment worn by hajjiyys during
hajj and umra.
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Idu l-Kabir
Central religious feast in Islam, lasting for a period of three days, celebrated on the 10. Dhu
l-hijja.
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Idu l-Fitr
Central religious feast in Islam, also known as cîdu s-saghîr and in Turkey as kücük-bairam.
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Ibn Tumart
Muslim reformer of Morocco. Was called Mahdi of the Almohads.
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Ibn Tufayl
Arab philosopher and physician. (1100-1185)
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Ibn Sa'ud
King of Hijaz and Najd, and afterwards king of Saudi Arabia. Founded the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
(1879- 1953)
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Ibn Khaldoun
Islamic historian and sociologist. (1332-1406)
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Ibn Batuta
Arab traveller and author. (1304- ?)
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