| Directory > Reference > Encyclopedias > Subject Encyclopedias > Encyclopaedia of the Orient Pyramids
Architectural structure that served as tombs. The first one was erected around 2700 BC.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?pyramids.htm
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Purim
Festival commemorating the salvation of the Jews from the threat of destruction by the Persian
king. This story is recorded in the Book of Esther.
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Punic Wars
Collective name on the wars between the Punic city state of Carthage and Rome. The the first war
started at 264 BCE, and the last one ended at 146.
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Ptolemy XII
King of Egypt that is most known for his attempt to remove his sister Cleopatra from her position.
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Ptolemy XI
One of the last kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty.. He got aid from the Romans in order to control his
country.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_11.htm
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Ptolemy VII
King of Egypt. He is sometimes presented as Ptolemy 8 since there was a brief period where his
nephew was king.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_7.htm
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Ptolemy VI
King of Egypt that endured attacks from the country neighbors. He lived at the start of the
internal conflicts that broke the Ptolemaic dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_6.htm
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Ptolemy V
King of Egypt, fifth in the Dinasty. 210-181 BCE.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_5.htm
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Ptolemy IV
King of Egypt who was characterized by military defeats in Syria, as well as upheavals in Egypt.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_4.htm
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Ptolemy III
King of Egypt and third in the dinasty. During his reign the control over Cyrenaica was
strengthened, and also invaded Syria.
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Ptolemy II
King of Egypt and second in the Ptolemaic dynasty. 309- 246 BCE.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemy_2.htm
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Ptolemy I
King of Egypt from 323 until 285 BCE and father of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His most important
achievements were to declare Alexandria as the capital of his rule, and the foundation of the
Library of Alexandria.
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Ptolemaic dynasty
Pharaonic reign in ancient Egypt that lasted for a period of 297 years, from 323 BC until 30 BC,
until it was ended by Roman annexation.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ptolemaic_dynasty.htm
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Port Said
City in Egypt, situated on the Mediterranean Sea, and at the northern end of the Suez Canal.
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Polisario
Army of Western Sahara that prevented the invasion of the Moroccan and the Mauritanian.
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PLO
Palestine Liberation Organization founded in Jerusalem, 1964.
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Pharaoh
The term was originally used for the residence of the king, and means "great house".
Gradually the term came to refer the king.
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Petra
Ancient city in Jordan, west of the city of Ma'an in the southern part of the country. It is a
former capital of the Nabateans.
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Pesach
Jewish celebration of Easter. It is also called Passover, which actually is the correct translation
of the Hebrew word 'pesach'.
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Persian Gulf
Gulf bordering Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman.
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Persia
Name for the Iranian plateau, comprising today's Iran and Afghanistan. The name originally came
from a small area in southern Iran, but it was used by the Greeks while referring to the whole
region.
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Psametik I
Egyptian Pharaoh that reigned from 663 to 610 BCE, and was founder of the 26th dynasty.
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Peres, Shimon
Israeli politician who has been elected prime minister of his country, in three different periods.
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Palestine National Charter
Document that served as the foundations of the Palestinian struggle for an independent state.
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Palestine
Republic in the Middle East with 3.5 million inhabitants.
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Persepolis
Ancient capital of Persia, now located around 50 kilometers from Shiraz in Iran. Its name has Greek
roots, meaning City of Persians.
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