| Directory > Reference > Encyclopedias > Subject Encyclopedias > Spartacus Educational > Journalists and Newspapers Alfred Harmsworth (Lord Northcliffe)
Publisher of the Daily Mail and The Daily Mirror. (1865-1921)
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Elizabeth Thompson
Biography of journalist Elizabeth Thompson and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Luke Fildes
Abstract: Born in Liverpool in 1843, his grandmother was a political activist and one of the
speakers at the Peterloo Massacre. In 1869 he joined Graphic magazine and was asked to provide an
illustration to accompany an article on the Houseless Poor Act. He soon became a popular artist and
by 1870 he had turned his full attention to oil painting. His belief in realism sometimes caused
him problems with his portrait subjects. He painted several members of the royal family. He was
knighted in 1906 and died in 1918.
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David Octavius Hill
Biography of journalist David Octavius Hill and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Frank Holl
Biography of journalist Frank Holl and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Hubert von Herkomer
Biography of journalist Hubert von Herkomer and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Frederick Walker
Biography of journalist Frederick Walter and bibliography including comments on each work.
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William Powell Frith
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Gustave Dore
Biography of illustrator Gustave Dore and bibliography including comments on each work.
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George Scharf
Biography of journalist George Scharf and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Thomas Bury
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John Cooke Bourne
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Thomas Gainsborough
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Thomas Lawrence
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Allan Ramsay
Painter also noted for writing political pamphlets defending King George III. (1713-1784)
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Joshua Reynolds
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J. M. W. Turner
Biography of journalist J. M. W. Turner and bibliography including comments on each work.
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William Hogarth
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Rudolf Ackermann
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J. W. Carmichael
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George Walker
Biography of architect George Walker.
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William Blake
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Thomas Rowlandson
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Victor Weisz
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David Low
Biography of journalist David Low and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Will Dyson
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Bernard Partridge
Cartoonist noted for strong conservative political views. (1861-1945)
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Phil May
Abstract: Born near Leeds in 1864 and orphaned at the age of nine, he endured several years of
poverty. He moved from one job to another and ended up begging on the streets. He was a talented
artist and discovered he could make a living by drawing stage celebrities and selling the pictures
to theatre fans, which earned him employment as a cartoonist. Between 1885 and 1903 he worked for
the Sydney Bulletin, did some book illustrating, was employed by the Graphic, and began
contributing cartoons to Punch. A heavy drinker, coupled with his early poverty caused him serious
health problems. He died in 1903 from a wasting disease at age thirty-nine.
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Francis Carruthers Gould
Biography of political cartoonist Francis Carruthers Gould.
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Linley Sambourne
Abstract: Born in London in 1844. Apprenticed as a draughtsman in marine engineering. In 1867 the
editor of Punch offered him a job on the magazine where he worked for 40 years until his death in
1910. He also worked as a book illustrator and is best known for his illustrations in Charles
Kingsley's Water Babies and Hans Christian Andersen's Fairly Tales.
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Harry Furniss
Biography of journalist Harry Furniss and bibliography including comments on each work.
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John Tenniel
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Richard Doyle
Abstract: Born in London in in 1824 and educated at home by his father he began having art work
published at the age of fifteen. The book, The Eglinton Tournament, was a great success. In 1840
Richard produced an illustrated journal of the events that took place that year. The journal
includes outings to the opera, concerts, Regent's Park Zoo, the Royal Academy, the National Gallery
and the Tower of London. He illustrated books including works by Charles Dickens (Battle of Life),
John Ruskin (King of the Golden River) William Makepeace Thackeray (Rebecca and Rowena, Newcomes)
and Leigh Hunt. Richard Doyle died in 1883.
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John Leech
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John Doyle
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Charles Keene
Illustrator for publications including the Ilustrated London News, Punch, and Once a Week.
(1823-1891)
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George Cruikshank
Biography of journalist George Cruikshank and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Isaac Cruikshank
Biography of journalist Isaac Cruikshank and bibliography including comments on each work.
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James Gillray
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The New Statesman
Abstract: In 1912 the Fabian Society published the first edition of its own weekly journal. George
Bernard Shaw promised to provide regular articles and Beatrice Webb sent out letters to Fabian
Society members and to those involved in her Poor Law campaign. These letters recruited over 2,000
people willing to become postal subscribers. The New Statesman received a hostile reception from a
former Fabian and the editor of the political weekly, The Nation. In the 1930's an amalgamation of
the two journals occured. Kingsley Martin was editor of the New Statesman & Nation for over
thirty years and during this time he established it as Britain's leading intellectual weekly.
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The Graphic
History and description of newspaper The Graphic.
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The London Magazine
Abstract: Founded in 1820 as a rival to the Gentleman's Magazine, it was a non-political magazine
that concentrated on the world of literature championing the work of young writers such as William
Wordsworth, Charles Lamb, Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt and Thomas Carlyle. In the early part of the
20th century the London Magazine employed some of Britain's top cartoonists.
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The Commonweal
Socialist journal of the late 1800`s.
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The Clarion
A socialist weekly established by Robert Blatchford in 1890.
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Illustrated London News
History and description of newspaper Illustrated London News.
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The Cornhill Magazine
Journal specializing in serial publication of novels. Published from 1860 to 1975.
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The National Reformer
Abstract: In 1860, two members of the Sheffield Secular Society formed a new journal. They believed
that religion was blocking progress and advocated what they called an atheistic Secularism. The
newspaper advocated a whole range of reforms including universal suffrage and republicanism. Sales
of the National Reformer reached 5,000 but in 1861 one of the founders left the journal because he
disagreed with the advocacy of birth control.
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Justice
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The Athenaeum
Weekly literary review published from 1822 until it was absorbed into another periodical, the
Nation, in 1921.
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The Westminster Review
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Household Words
History and description of newspaper Household Words.
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The Examiner
History and description of newspaper The Examiner.
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The Spectator
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Blackwood's Magazine
Strongly conservative monthly periodical published from 1817 to 1980.
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The Quarterly Review
Abstract: Established in 1809 as a Tory rival to the Whig supporting Edinburgh Review, the idea for
the journal came from Sir Walter Scott. The Quarterly Review stood politically for preserving the
status quo. The journal was very hostile to the work of writers in favour of political reform.
Writers such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, Thomas Babington Macaulay and
Charles Dickens all received hostile reviews in the journal, whereas the work of Jane Austin and
Sir Walter Scott was warmly praised. It was alleged that John Wilson Croker's savage review of John
Keat's Endymion contributed to the poet's early death. The Quarterly Review ceased publication in
1967.
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The Edinburgh Review
History and description of newspaper The Edinburgh Review.
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Punch Magazine
Abstract: One evening in June, 1841, reforming liberals met to discuss the possibility of starting
a new journal. The plan was to combine humour and political comment. the meeting someone remarked
that a humourous magazine, like good punch, needed lemon ans so the name of the paper was born.
Douglas Jerrold was probably the most important journalist on the magazine, but other writers
contributed widely.
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Tribune
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Lansbury's Labour Weekly
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The Daily Mail
First published in 1896, noted for focusing on readability and for catering to a general audience.
Published prior to the first world war a series of articles warning against the dangers of a war
with Germany.
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Workers' Dreadnought
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The Bee-Hive
A trade union weekly newspaper established in 1861, biased heavily towards socialist and labour
issues.
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The Evening News
History and description of newspaper The Evening News.
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The Daily News
Published from 1846 to 1930, when it became the News Chronicle. Featured contributions by noted
liberal authors including H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, Henry Massingham, and Charles Mackay.
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The Labour Elector
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The Daily Telegraph
First published as the Daily Telegraph and Courier in 1855, and grew rapidly in circulation partly
due to its pricing. Early on, leaned towards liberal causes such as abolishing capital punishment,
but later favored Conservative interests.
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Pall Mall Gazette
Abstract: Founded in February, 1865 as an evening newspaper, the original idea was to digest the
news from the morning papers and to publish substantial articles on political and social questions.
In 1883 the Pall Mall Gazette carried a series of articles on the subject of child prostitution.
Sales of the newspaper increased from 8,000 to 12,000. In 1885 it exposed what had become known as
the white slave traffic. As a result of the publicity that coverage of the Armstrong case
generated, Parliament in 1885 passed the Criminal Law Amendment Act, a measure that raised the age
of consent from thirteen to sixteen. Contributors over the years have included Oscar Wilde, H. G.
Wells, and Rudyard Kipling. The Pall Mall Gazette was incorporated into the Evening Standard in
1923.
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The Northern Star
Abstract: The first edition of the Northern Star was published on 26th May, 1838 as a radical
newspaper. Although the paper paid the 4d. stamp duty O'Connor denounced it as a tax on free
speech. Within four months of starting publication, the Northern Star was selling 10,000 copies a
week. By the summer of 1839 circulation of the Northern Star reached over 50,000 a week. The
fortunes of the Northern Star declined with those of the Chartist movement. By the end of 1851
sales of the newspaper had fallen to 1,200 a week.
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The Red Republican
Abstract: In 1848 Harney, editor of the Northern Star, resigned and formed his own newspaper, the
Red Republican. In the paper Harney attempted to educate his working class readers about socialism
and internationalism. Harney also attempted to convert the trade union movement to socialism. In
1850 the Red Republican published the first English translation of The Communist Manifesto. The
newspaper was not a financial success and was closed down in December, 1850.
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The Morning Chronicle
Abstract: First established in 1769, it became a more successful newspaper after it was acquired by
James Perry, a supporter of the Whigs, in 1789. Staffed by well known radicals, sales of the
Morning Chronicle gradually increased and by 1810 the newspaper had a circulation of 7,000. The
Morning Chronicle ceased publication in 1862.
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The Leeds Mercury
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The Black Dwarf
A radical unstamped journal, which was critical of Lord Liverpool and his government. Regularly
called for parlementary reform.
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The Leeds Times
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Manchester Gazette
Abstract: Founded 1795. William Cowdry and his four sons were responsible for writing and printing
the newspaper. Although it was considered to be of poor quality, it was purchased because it was
the only non-Tory paper in Manchester.In 1814, with sales of only 250, the editor decided to
improve the quality of the newspaper by encouraging members of a political reform group to
contribute articles. By 1819 the Manchester Gazette was selling over 1,000 copies a week. The
arrival of the Manchester Guardian in 1821 meant that Cowdroy lost all his best writers. The
Manchester Gazette found it difficult to compete with the the fast-growing Manchester Guardian. In
1828 due to bankruptcy the Manchester Gazette was forced to close.
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The Poor Man's Guardian
Abstract: The Poor Man's Guardian was published up until July 1831 as the Penny Papers. the
publisher refused to pay the stamp duty on each paper sold. On the front page, where the red spot
of the stamp duty should have been, Hetherington printed the slogan "Knowledge is Power".
Underneath were the words, "Published in Defiance of the Law, to try the Power of Right
against Might". By 1833 circulation had reached 22,000, with two-thirds of the copies being
sold in the provinces. In a three year period, twenty-five of these forty agents went to prison for
selling an unstamped newspaper. The campaign for an untaxed press obtained a boast in June 1834
when it was ruled that the Poor Man's Guardian was not an illegal publication. In December, 1835,
it ceased publication.
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Liverpool Mercury
Abstract: This was one of the newspapers to have representatives on hand during the suppresion of a
public meeting at St. Peter's Field in manchester, England on 16th August, 1819. John Smith, its
editor escaped before the Manchester & Salford Yeomanry made their arrests. Writing a critical
report on the behaviour of the soldiers at the Peterloo Massacre, Smith also published a pamphlet
on the subject.
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Manchester Exchange Herald
Abstract: Founded by Joseph Aston in 1809 the Exchange Herald appeared every Tuesday. John Aston,
its founder virtually wrote the whole newspaper himself and it is believed that he was the author
of the report that appeared in the Exchange Herald about the Peterloo Massacre in 1819.
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The Republican
Abstract: Started in 1817 as Sherwin's Political Register, a full report of the Peterloo Massacre
appeared in the next edition of the newspaper. The authorities responded by confiscating the
complete stock of newspapers and pamphlets. In an attempt to keep in business, the newspaper
changed it's name to the Republican. The first edition of the Republican contained a detailed
article on the Peterloo Massacre. They also published Tom Paine's Common Sense, The Rights of Man
and the Age of Reason. Due to the publicity created by the publisher being tried for seditious
libel, the circulation of the newspaper increased dramatically and was now outselling
pro-government newspapers such as The Times.
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Political Register
Abstract: Started in 1802, The Political Register supported the Tories but he gradually became more
radical. By 1815 the tax on newspapers had reached 4d. a copy and as few people could afford to pay
6d. or 7d., the tax restricted the circulation to people with fairly high incomes. Circulation was
just over a thousand copies a week. The following year the Political Register was published as a
pamphlet selling for only 2d. and it soon had a circulation of 40,000 as the main newspaper read by
the working class.
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Manchester Herald
Abstract: By the summer of 1791, the editors of the Manchester Mercury and the Manchester Chronicle
became reluctant to give the reformers Thomas Walker and Thomas Cooper publicity. They decided to
edit their own newspaper, the Manchester Herald. A local firm, Faulkner & Birch, agreed to
print it and the first edition was published on 31st March 1792. By 1794 the authorities decided to
prosecute the Manchester Herald out of existence. Within a short space of time the publishers of
the newspaper were charged with five separate offences and after a year accepted defeat and ceased
publication.
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Manchester Chronicle
Abstract: One of four Tory newspapers in Manchester during the early part of the 19th Century and
the most popular Tory paper in the city, selling over 3,000 copies a week. Over half of the paper
was taken up with advertisement. Although it was considered a dull newspaper, the Manchester
Chronicle had a loyal following with those who opposed social reform. The Manchester Chronicle
ceased publication in 1842.
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Manchester Observer
Abstract: Formed in January 1818 by a group of radicals, within twelve months the newspaper was
selling 4,000 copies a week. It has been argued that the newspaper pioneered popular journalism
with its racy style aimed at an literate working-class. Although it started as a local paper, by
1819 it was sold in most of the large towns and cities in Britain. James Wroe, the editor of the
Manchester Observer, was at the St. Peter's Field meeting in 1819 and described the attack on the
crowd in the next edition of the newspaper and is believed to be the first person to describe the
incident as the Peterloo Massacre. With the arrival of the Manchester Guardian in 1821 the
Manchester Observer decided to cease publication.
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The Sheffield Register
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Manchester Guardian
Abstract: The first edition appeared on Saturday 5th May, 1821 and cost 7d. The Manchester
Guardian, like all newspapers based outside of London, could only afford to publish once a week.
When the Manchester Guardian was first published in 1821, Manchester had six other weekly
newspapers. With the arrival of the Manchester Guardian, the Manchester Observer decided to cease
publication. A prospectus for the Guardian explained the aims and objectives of the proposed
newspaper including the passage: "It will zealously enforce the principles of civil and
religious Liberty, it will warmly advocate the cause of Reform; it will endeavour to assist in the
diffusion of just principles of Political Economy."
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The Times
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The Anti-Jacobin
Published from 20th November 1797 to 7th July 1798, intended to combat radical political ideas
which emerged shortly after the French Revolution.
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The North Briton
Abstract: In June 1762 MP John Wilkes established The North Briton, a weekly newspaper in
opposition to The Briton, a journal that supported the Earl of Bute's administration as King George
III's prime minister. For the next forty-five weeks the North Briton severely attacked the king and
his Prime Minister. After one article Wilkes was arrested for seditious libel but at a court
hearing the Lord Chief Justice ruled that as an MP, Wilkes was protected by privilege from arrest
on a charge of libel. However, the government was successful in stopping Wilkes from publishing
further editions of the North Briton.
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George Orwell
Biography of writer George Orwell and bibliography including comments on each work.
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George Bernard Shaw
Biography of journalist George Bernard Shaw and bibliography including comments on each work.
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J. B. Priestley
Biography of journalist J. B. Priestley and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Harold Nicholson
Biography of journalist Harold Nicholson and bibliography including comments on each work.
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H. G. Wells
Biography of journalist H. G. Wells and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Charles Masterman
Writer and politician. He wrote books such as From the Abyss and The Condition of England and
served terms in both local and national governments. Includes brief history and accomplishments.
(1873-1927)
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Fenner Brockway
Biography of journalist Fenner Brockway and bibliography including comments on each work.
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Katharine Glasier
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H. N. Brailsford
Biography of journalist H. N. Brailsford and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbrailsford.htm
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William Clarke
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUclarke.htm
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Beatrice Webb
Writer of such books as The History of Trade Unionism and Industrial Democracy. She also helped
found the London School of Economics and Political Science. Includes detailed history and
accomplishments. (1858 - 1943)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbB.htm
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Maude Pember Reeves
Abstract: The daughter of a bank manager, she was born in Australia in 1865. In her youth she had
been involved in the successful campaign to obtain women the vote in New Zealand. Soon after
arriving in England with her husband, she became active in a variety of women's organisations
including the Women's Trade Union League, the NUWSSand the National Anti-Sweating League. She was a
socialist and was active in the Fabian Society and in 1907 founded the Fabian Women's Group which
campaigned for equal rights for women and state support for motherhood. After the outbreak of the
First World War, she worked as Director of the Education and Propaganda Department of the Ministry
of Food. She died in 1953.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHpember.htm
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George Lansbury
Biography of journalist George Lansbury and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRlansbury.htm
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Hubert Bland
Biography of journalist Hubert Bland and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbland.htm
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James Greenwood
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHgreenwood.htm
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Robert Sherard
Abstract: Born in Melton Mowbray in 1861, the was the son of Rev. Bennet Sherard Kennedy and a
great grandson of William Wordsworth. After being educated at Oxford University, he became a
professional journalist working for a wide variety of different newspapers and magazines,
particularly interested in writing about working conditions and urban poverty. He was commissioned
by the editor of The London Magazine to write several articles on child labour. These collected
articles were published as The Child Slaves of Britain in 1905. He died in 1943.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHsherard.htm
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John Morley
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmorley.htm
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William Stead
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jstead.htm
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George Sims
Biography of journalist George Sims and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jsims.htm
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Shirley Brooks
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbrooks.htm
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Charles Mackay
Journalist, poet, and assistant editor of the Morning Chronicle. (1814-1889)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmackay.htm
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Angus Reach
Journalist for the Morning Chronicle in London, writer for Punch Magazine and joint editor of the
journal, The Man in the Moon. Includes excerpts from his writing, biography and photo.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jreach.htm
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Charles Bradlaugh
Recognized as one of the leading freethinkers in Britain. Helped to establish the radical journal,
The National Reformer in 1860. (1833-1891)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbradlaugh.htm
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The Observer
Abstract: The first edition of The Observer was published on 4th December 1791. Three years later
the newspaper was £1,600 in debt. Although unwilling to buy The Observer, the government agreed to
help subsidise the newspaper in return for influencing its content through editorials praising
government's policy. It also guaranteed that the Observer would not give its support to other
writers advocating parliamentary reform.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsundayobserver.htm
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Blanchard Jerrold
Playwright, journalist, and editor of Lloyd's Weekly. (1826-1884)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JjerroldB.htm
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William Morris
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmorris.htm
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Tom Mann
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REmann.htm
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Annie Besant
Noted Socalist, women's rights, and trade union activist during the late 1800's and early 1900's.
Member of the Secular Society; wrote and published her own book advocating birth control entitled
The Laws of Population.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm
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Edith Nesbit
Biography of writer Edith Nesbit and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUnesbit.htm
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Henry George
Biography of journalist Henry George and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jgeorge.htm
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George Julian Harney
Biography of journalist George Julian Harney and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHharney.htm
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James Bronterre O'Brien
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHobrien.htm
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Robert Blatchford
Abstract: Born in Maidstone in 1851, the son of an actor, his father died when he was two and at
the age of fourteen he was apprenticed as a brushmaker. He disliked the work and ran away to join
the army where he reached the rank of sergeant major before leaving the service in 1878. After
trying a variety of different jobs he became a freelance journalist. After working for several
newspapers he became leader writer for the Sunday Chronicle in Manchester. While he became a
socialist and lobbied for their cause, after the First World War he moved to the right and became a
passionate advocate of the British Empire. Robert Blatchford died on 17th December 1943.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jblatchford.htm
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Charles Wentworth Dilke
Liberal author and journalist. (1789-1864)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jdilke.htm
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William Thackeray
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jthackeray.htm
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John Ruskin
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jruskin.htm
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John Cleave
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHcleave.htm
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Charles Dickens
Noted novelist. Contributor of reformist political articles to newspapers including the True Sun.
Established and edited several periodicals including the Daily News, Household Words, and All the
Year Round.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRdickens.htm
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Henry Mayhew
Biography of journalist Henry Mayhew and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmayhew.htm
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Ernest Jones
Biography of journalist Ernest Jones and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHjones.htm
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William Benbow
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHbenbow.htm
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Thomas Carlyle
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcarlyle.htm
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Fanny Wright
Biography of writer Fanny Wright and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REwright.htm
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John Stuart Mill
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmill.htm
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George Holyoake
Biography of journalist George Holyoake and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRholyoak.htm
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James Watson
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHwatson.htm
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Harriet Martineau
Biography of journalist Harriet Martineau and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmartineau.htm
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Archibald Prentice
Political journalist, author, and owner or editor of several Manchester-based radical journals.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRprentice.htm
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John Edward Taylor
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtaylor.htm
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John Forster
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jforsterhtm.htm
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John Wilkes
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwilkes.htm
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William Pyne
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jpyne.htm
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Thomas Spence
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRspence.htm
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John Tyas
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtyas.htm
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Thomas Barnes
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbarnes.htm
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John Saxton
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsaxton.htm
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Leigh Hunt
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRleigh.htm
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William Hazlitt
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhazlitt.htm
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Robert Southey
Abstract: Born in Bristol in 1774. After his father's death an uncle sent him to Westminster School
but he was expelled in 1792 after denouncing flogging in the school magazine. In 1795 Southey
married Edith Fricker, whose elder sister, Sara Fricker, married Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In 1813
Robert Southey was appointed poet laureate. Southey was criticised by Lord Byron and William
Hazlitt who accused him of betraying his political principles for money. Southey wrote several
books between 1824 and 1835. He died in 1843.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jsouthey.htm
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Vincent Dowling
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRdowling.htm
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Charles Lamb
Contributor to periodicals including the Morning Chronicle, Morning Post, and The Quarterly Review.
(1775-1834)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jlamb.htm
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcoleridge.htm
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James Mill
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmill.htm
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John Wade
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwade.htm
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Edward Baines Jr.
Biography of journalist Edward Baines Jr. and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbaines.htm
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William Cobbett
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcobbett.htm
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Joseph Gales
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgales.htm
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Richard Carlile
Abstract: The son of a shoemaker from Ashburton in Devon, was born on 9th December, 1790. Richard's
father abandoned the family in 1794 and it was a struggle for his mother to look after her three
children from the profits of the small shop that she ran in Ashburton. Richard received six years
free education from the local Church of England school and learnt to read and write. At the age of
twelve Richard left school and was apprenticed as a tinplateman in Plymouth. He would go on to
become one of the many who led the fight for a free press.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcarlile.htm
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Celia Fiennes
Maintained a journal of travels across England that was later published in book form. (1662-1741)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jfiennes.htm
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Daniel Defoe
Novelist and political journalist. Published over 560 books and pamphlets and is considered to be
the founder of British journalism. Includes short biography. (1660-1731)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jdefoe.htm
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James Wroe
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwroe.htm
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Tom Paine
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpaine.htm
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Henry Hetherington
Biography of journalist Henry Hetherington and bibliography including comments on each work.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRhetherington.htm
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