| Directory > Reference > Encyclopedias > Subject Encyclopedias > Spartacus Educational > Members of Parliament Herbert Asquith
Liberal MP and served as prime minister from 1908-16. Introduced series of reforms including the
Old Age Pensions Act and the People's Budget that resulted in a conflict with the House of Lords.
Granted the title, the Earl of Oxford, in 1925. (1852-1928)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRasquith.htm
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Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Served in various parliament positions and became leader of the House of Commons. Opposed the Boer
War and advocated comprehensive social reforms. (1836-1908)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbannerman.htm
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Thomas Wakley
Spent seventeen years in the House of Commons. Campaigned for an extension of the vote, removal of
property qualifications for parliamentary candidates, repeal of the Corn Laws, abolition of slavery
and suspension of the Newspaper Stamp Act. (1796-1862)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwakely.htm
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Robert Stephenson
Founder of the first company in the world that built locomotives. Elected as the Conservative MP
for Whitby. He did not take an active role in the House of Commons and usually only contributed to
debates on engineering issues.(1803-1859)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAstephensonR.htm
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Michael Sadler
Served in the House of Commons and advocated decrease in children's working hours. Interviewed
doctors experienced in treating people who worked in textile factories and published his report in
1833. (1780-1835)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRsadler.htm
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John Roebuck
Led the campaign in the House of Commons to free the Tolpuddle Martyrs and called for the repeal of
the Corn Laws. Spoke in favor of the Chartist movement and helped present their petition to
Parliament in 1842. (1802-1879)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRroebuck.htm
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Feargus O'Connor
Elected MP for County Cork in the General Election of 1832 after advocating the repeal of the Act
of Union, abolition of tithes, universal suffrage and the secret ballot. Became active in the
Chartist movement and formed the East London Democratic Association. (1796-1855)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHoconnor.htm
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Daniel O'Connell
Barrister in Ireland and politician. Acknowledged as the leader of the Catholic Emancipation
movement. In the House of Commons was active in the campaigns for prison and law reform, free
trade, the abolition of slavery and Jewish emancipation. (1775-1847)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRoconnell.htm
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Lord Morpeth
Member of the Whig party and supporter of parliamentary reform. Appointed chief secretary for
Ireland for six years and carried through Parliament several reforms including the Irish Tithe
Bill, the Irish Municipal Reform Bill and the Irish Poor Law Bill. (1802-1864)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhoward.htm
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Thomas Macaulay
Represented Edinburgh in the House of Commons where he played an active role in support of John
Fielden and his campaign for the Ten Hour Act. Wrote four-volume History of England, a work which
was translated into many languages. (1800-1859)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmacaulay.htm
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William Jolliffe
Represented Petersfield as a Tory candidate and served in the House of Commons from 1837 through
1866 when he was granted the title Baron Hylton. (1800-1876)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRjolliffe.htm
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George Hudson
Formed the Midland Railway Company. Leader of the Conservative Party in York and held a series of
political positions in the city. (1800-1871)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAhudson.htm
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John Fielden
Founder member of the Todmorden Unitarian Society, a religious group active in the social reform
movement. Leader of the reform movement in the House of Commons and campaigned for a ten-hour work
day. Includes excerpts from his writings.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRfielden.htm
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Thomas Duncombe
Represented Hertford in the House of Commons. Strong supporter of parliamentary reform and argued
the case for universal suffrage. (1796-1861)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHduncombe.htm
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15th Earl of Derby
Born Edward Stanley. Elected as the Conservative MP for King's Lynn. Later joined the new Liberal
Unionist Party and became its leader in the House of Lords. Supported parliamentary reform and
opposed the acquisition of Cyprus and the Afghan War in 1879. (1826-1893)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRderby.htm
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Thomas Cooper
Journalist and the leading Chartist in Leicester. Found guilty of organizing the Plug Plot Riots
and spent two years in prison. Became Baptist preacher and wrote his autobiography, The Life of
Thomas Cooper. (1805-1892)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHcooper.htm
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Richard Cobden
Advocate of free trade. Instrumental in establishing a new centralized Anti-Corn Law League.
Elected Stockport's MP in 1841 and carried on the campaign in Parliament which led to eventual
repeal of the Corn laws in 1846. (1804-1865)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcobden.htm
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William Cobbett
Journalist and publisher of the Political Register, the main newspaper read by the working class.
Represented Oldham in the House of Commons where he concentrated his energies on attacking
corruption in government and the 1834 Poor Law. (1763-1835)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcobbett.htm
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Joseph Brotherton
Elected to the House of Commons. Campaigned for many causes, such as against child labour in the
textile industry, argued against the death penalty, for the improvement in working class education
and for the establishment of public walks and open spaces in 1835. (1783-1837)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbrotherton.htm
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Edward Baines
Represented Leeds in the House of Commons. Wrote History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great
Britain in which he attacked those who had campaigned against child labour. (1800-1890)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbaines.htm
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Thomas Attwood
Represented Birmingham in the House of Commons. Advocated currency reform, household suffrage,
triennial parliaments, payment of MPs, and abolition of the property qualification. 1783-1859)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHattwood.htm
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Lord Ashley
Leader of the factory reform movement in the House of Commons. Helped set up the Children's
Employment Commission and piloted the Coal Mines Act, which prohibited women and children from
working underground. Includes excerpts from speeches.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRashley.htm
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Ellen Wilkinson
Represented Middlesbrough East in the House of Commons. Active in women's suffrage movement and
trade unions. Appointed Minister of Education, the first woman in British history to hold the
post. (1891-1947)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwilkinson.htm
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John Wheatley
Represented the Labour Party in the House of Commons. Socialist who was opposed to Britain's
involvement in the First World War and played an important role in the fight against conscription.
(1869-1930)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwheatley.htm
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Henry Snell
Member of the Labour Party and represented Woolwich in London in the 1922 General Election.
Converted to socialism and joined the Fabian Society. Became leader of the Labour Party in the
House of Lords. (1865-1944)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsnell.htm
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Robert Smillie
Was president of the Scottish Miners' Federation and president of the Miners' Federation of Great
Britain. Advocated the nationalization of mines. Served as a Labour member of Parliament from 1923
to 1929. (1857-1940)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsmillie.htm
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Oswald Mosley
Represented Harrow in the House of Commons as a member of the Conservative and Labour parties.
Became leader of the British Union of Fascists. Includes excerpts from writings of various
authors. (1896-19890)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmosley.htm
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James Maxton
Leading figure in the Independent Labour Party in Scotland. Was elected as MP for Bridgeton,
Glasgow. A pacifist, he was opposed to Britain's involvement in the World War I. (1885-1946)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmaxton.htm
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Aneurin Bevan
Long-time leader of the left-wing Labour Party and Minister of Health. Includes excerpts from the
works of various writers. (1897-1960)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbevan.htm
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Josiah Wedgwood
Joined the Independent Labour Party where he found considerable support for his single tax
proposals. Became Chairman of the German Refugee Hospitality Committee. Was granted the title
Baron Wedgwood of Barlaston and spent the last few months of his political life in the House of
Lords. (1872-1943)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwedgwood.htm
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Will Thorne
Helped to establish the National Union of Gasworkers and General Labourers. Led successful
negotiations for an eight-hour day. Represented West Ham in the House of Commons in the 1906
General Election. (1857-1946)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUthorne.htm
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Jimmy Thomas
Active member of the Associated Society of Railway Servants Union. Elected to the House of Commons
in 1910. He retained his position in the union and helped organize the railway strike of 1911.
(1874-1949)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUthomas.htm
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Frederick Smith
Member of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons. Became Attorney General and Secretary of
State for India. After retiring from politics he was Rector of Aberdeen University. (1872-1930)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbirkenhead.htm
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Herbert Samuel
Member of the Liberal Party in the House of Commons. Issued report about the problems of the
mining industry. Granted the title Viscount Samuel and later became leader of the Liberal Party in
the House of Lords. (1870-1963)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsamuel.htm
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John Morley
Elected to the House of Commons in 1883. Staunch supporter of Irish Home Rule and parliamentary
reform. Was opposed to Britain's involvement in the First World War and resigned from the
government. (1838-1923)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmorley.htm
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Charles Masterman
Writer and politician. He wrote books such as From the Abyss and The Condition of England and
served terms in both local and national governments. Includes brief history and accomplishments.
(1873-1927)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHmasterman.htm
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Alexander Macdonald
President of the Miners' National Association. Member of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions.
Elected to the House of Commons. Strong supporter of Irish Home Rule. Includes excerpts from
various writers. (1821-1881)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmacdonald.htm
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George Lansbury
Labour member of Parliament. Reformer who campaigned against poverty and for woman suffrage. A
lifelong pacifist, he defended conscientious objectors during World War I. (1859-1940)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRlansbury.htm
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George Howell
Campaigned for universal suffrage and published several books on trade unionism. Elected to House
of Commons where he worked to pass the Merchant Shipping Bill that improved the working conditions
of merchant seamen. (1833-1910)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhowell.htm
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John Hodge
Labour Party member of the House of Commons. Mainly concerned with trade union issues. Was
president of the Iron & Steel Trades Confederation. (1855-1937)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhodge.htm
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Arthur Henderson
Elected as a paid organizer of the Iron Founders Union. Main person responsible for Labour and the
Nation, a pamphlet that attempted to clarify the political aims of the Labour Party. MP for Widnes
in the House of Commons. (1863-1935)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhenderson.htm
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Henry Orator Hunt
Radical reformer who advocated annual parliaments, universal suffrage, the secret ballot and the
repeal of the Corn Laws. In the House of Commons he opposed the 1832 Reform Act as it did not
grant the vote to working class males. (1773-1835)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhunt.htm
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Jennie Lee
Elected to the House of Commons. Worked as a journalist for the Daily Mirror and married Aneurin
Bevan. (1904-1988)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlee.htm
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Robert Cunninghame Graham
Elected to the House of Commons and was concerned about the plight of the unemployed and the
preservation of civil liberties. Supported the eight-hour work day. Elected President of the
National Party of Scotland. (1852-1936)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcunninghame.htm
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Harry Gosling
Instrumental in establishing the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU). Was a member of the
House of Commons. In 1927 published his autobiography, Up and Down Stream. (1861-1930)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUgosling.htm
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Henry Fawcett
Elected Liberal MP for Brighton. Campaigned for equal rights for women in the House of Commons.
Appointed as Postmaster General and introduced the parcel post, postal orders and the sixpenny
telegram. (1833-1884)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRfawcett.htm
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James Keir Hardie
Elected to House of Commons and campaigned for the reform of Parliament. He was a supporter of the
women's suffrage movement, the payment of MPs and the abolition of the House of Lords. (1856-1915)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhardie.htm
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Will Crooks
Chairman of the Public Control Committee and promoted fair wages. Became the first working-class
member of the Poplar Board of Guardians. Elected to the House of Commons where he concentrated on
the issue of unemployment. (1852-1921)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcrooks.htm
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Charles Corbett
Elected to House of Commons. Supported women's suffrage and opposed the 1902 Education
Act.(1853-1935)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcorbett.htm
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Joseph Clynes
Was leader of the Labour Party in the House of Commons. Became a regular contributor to socialist
newspapers. Includes excerpts from his Memoirs. (1869-1949)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUclynes.htm
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Joseph Chamberlain
Leader of the Liberal Unionists. Member of the House of Commons and appointed President of the
Board of Trade. Favored tariff reform. (1836-1914)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRchamberlainJ.htm
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Thomas Burt
Elected to the House of Commons and campaigned for reform of the 1871 Trade Union Act, land
reforms, the disestablishment of the Church of England, Irish Home Rule and adult male suffrage.
Includes excerpts from writings of various authors. (1837-1922)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUburt.htm
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John Burns
Elected to represent Battersea in the House of Commons. Responsible for the Housing and Town
Planning Act of 1909 during his time in government. (1858-1943)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REburns.htm
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Henry Broadhurst
Campaigned to reduce the working week and increase wages in the building industry. In the House of
Commons he led the campaign for a government commission to investigate working-class housing.
(1840-1911)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbroadhurst.htm
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John Bright
Quaker who was elected to represent Durham in the House of Commons and campaigned for the repeal of
the Corn Laws. Became one of the leading advocates for universal suffrage. (1811-1889)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbright.htm
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Charles Bradlaugh
Recognized as one of the leading freethinkers in Britain. In 1866 he helped to establish the
National Secular Society, an organization opposed to Christian dogma. (1833-1891)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbradlaugh.htm
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William Wedgwood Benn
Elected to represent Liberal party in the House of Commons in 1906 and was a strong supporter of
the trade union movement. Later trained as a pilot and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross,
the French Croix de Guerre and the Italian Military Cross in World War I. (1877-1960)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbenn.htm
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John Benn
Liberal Party representative for Wapping in the House of Commons. As Chairman of the Highways
Committee, he pioneered the idea of a cheap, efficient and integrated municipal transport system
and was responsible for the introduction of London's electric tramway. (1850-1922)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbennJ.htm
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Richard Bell
Active in the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants and became organizing secretary of the union.
Selected as the Labour Representation Committee candidate from Derby in the House of Commons.
(1859-1930)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbell.htm
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Michael Bass
Liberal Party member in the House of Commons. Worked behind the scenes for legislation that would
improve the standard of living of the working classes. Supporter of trade unions. (1799-1884)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbass.htm
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George Barnes
Elected as General Secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers. Formed the National Committee
of Organised Labour for Old Age Pensions. Became leader of the Labour Party in 1910. (1859-1940)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbarnes.htm
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William Arrol
Railway contractor, whose company secured a contract for the Caledonian Railway Bridge, Forth
Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge in London. His company also built bridges in Australia and Egypt.
Served as the Liberal MP for South Ayrshire. (1839-1913)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAarrol.htm
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Joseph Arch
President of the National Agricultural Labourers' Union. Elected as the Liberal Party MP and the
first agricultural labourer to be a member of the House of Commons. (1826-1922)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUarch.htm
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Lord Beaverbrook
Born William Maxwell Aitken. Became the Conservative member for Ashton-under-Lyne in the House of
Commons. In 1918 David Lloyd George granted him the title, Lord Beaverbrook, and appointed him as
Minister of Information in his wartime coalition government. (1879-1964)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/BUbeaverbrook.htm
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John Wilkes
Elected MP for Aylesbury. Established The North Briton, a newspaper that severely attacked the
king and his Prime Minister. Campaigned for religious toleration and introduced the first motion
for parliamentary reform. (1725-1797)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwilkes.htm
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William Wilberforce
Founded the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Also led the campaign in the House of
Commons, which tried to persuade the House of Lords to stop slavery. (1759-1833)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REwilberforce.htm
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Horace Twiss
Tory Party member who was considered to be one of the best orators in the House of Commons and a
leading opponent of Earl Grey's proposals for parliamentary reform. Later became a journalist and
wrote accounts of parliamentary debates and editorials for The Times. (1787-1849)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtwiss.htm
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Richard Sheridan
Playwright who produced his most popular comedy, The School for Scandal. Abandoned writing to
represent Stafford in the House of Commons. Strong supporter of an uncensored press and argued
strenuously against attempts to use the libel laws to prevent criticism of the government.
(1751-1816)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsheridan.htm
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Richard Potter
Represented Manchester in the House of Commons where he campaigned for parliamentary reform.
(1778-1842)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpotterR.htm
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Joseph Hume
Represented Tory party in House of Commons and later became a Whig. Considered the leader of the
movement for universal suffrage. Advocated the setting up of savings banks, the abolition of
flogging in the army and an end to imprisonment for debt. (1777-1855)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhume.htm
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John Horne Tooke
Leader of the Bill of Rights Society and later formed the Constitutional Society, to campaign for
parliamentary reform. (1736-1812)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRtooke.htm
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John Cam Hobhouse
Became the leading advocate of parliamentary reform and factory legislation in the House of
Commons. Includes excerpt from his speech made on May 15, 1821. (1786-1869)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhobhouse.htm
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Charles Fox
Represented Midhurst in the House of Commons when he was only nineteen. Promoted Catholic
emancipation and opposed the slave trade. Favored Abolition of the Slave Trade bill in speech made
in the House of Commons on June 10, 1806. (1749-1806)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRfox.htm
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Thomas Cochrane
Represented Honiton in the House of Commons where he campaigned for parliamentary reform. Favored
universal suffrage and spoke against the Gagging Acts. (1775-1860)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcochrane.htm
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Thomas Creevey
Represented Thetford in the House of Commons where he led the fight against the railways.
Appointed by Lord Grey to the post of Treasurer of the Ordnance. (1768-1838)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcreevey.htm
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Sir Francis Burdett
Supported the idea of parliamentary reform in the House of Commons. Was a strong advocate of
religious toleration and several times attempted to persuade Parliament to grant Catholics equal
rights with Protestants. (1770-1844)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRburdett.htm
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Henry Brougham
Served in the House of Commons and became the leading spokesmen for the radicals. Played a role in
persuading the House of Lords to pass the 1832 Reform Act. He was also responsible for the passing
of the 1833 Anti-Slavery Act. (1778-1868)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbrougham.htm
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Lord Althorp
Leader of the Whigs in Parliament and the House of Commons. Opposed the idea of a ten-hour day for
children factory workers and led the opposition to Michael Sadler and his supporters in the debates
on this issue in 1832. Includes excerpts from speeches and letters. (1782-1845)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRalthorp.htm
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Lord Castlereagh
Born Robert Stewart. Represented Tregony in the House of Commons. As leader, he introduced the
bill for the suspension of Habeas Corpus. Represented Britain at the Congress of Vienna.
(1769-1822)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcastlereagh.htm
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