| Directory > Regional > North America > United States > Government > Legislative Branch > Senate > Senate President The Senate and the United States Constitution
The position of the Vice President as President of the Senate was borrowed from the New York
Constitution.
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Constitution_Senate.htm#5
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Senate Precedents Regarding the Vice President of the United States
Details about historical Senate precedents regarding the President of the Senate are provided by
Riddick's Senate Procedure, in adobe acrobat (pdf) format.
http://www.gpo.gov/congress/senate/riddick/1390-1396.pdf
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Jefferson's Manual of Parliamentary Practice, Section XVII
Thomas Jefferson was the second Senate President. Section XVII of his Manual covers debate, and
says that no one is to speak superfluously or tediously, and that the Senate President's decision
is without appeal. This rule has since been modified.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=JefBv022.sgm&images=images/modeng&d....
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Home Page of the Vice President of the United States
The White House web site includes a home page for the Vice President of the United States, who also
serves as President of the Senate.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/vicepresident/
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Federalist No. 68 by Alexander Hamilton
Hamilton wrote that "to secure at all times the possibility of a definite resolution of the
body, it is necessary that the President [i.e. the Vice President of the U.S.] should have only a
casting vote."
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/federal/fed68.htm
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Definition of "Casting Vote" in Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
The President of the Senate has what is called a "casting vote," defined as the decisive
vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided.
http://www.bootlegbooks.com/Reference/Webster/data/230.html
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Vice Presidential Tie-Breaking Votes
The Constitution gives the Vice President of the United States power to vote when the Senate is
equally divided, and the Senate Historian has listed all of those occasions when the Senate
President has broken a tie vote.
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Tie_Breaking_Votes.htm
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Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate)
Detailed description of the role of the Vice President of the United States as President of the
Senate.
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Vice_President.htm
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Constitutional Role of the Vice President of the United States
The Framers of the Constitution explain why they designated the Vice President of the United States
as President of the Senate, in Article I, Section 3, Clause 4 of the Constitution.
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/tocs/a1_3_4-5.html
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