| Directory > Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Denominations > Catholicism > Reference > Catholic Encyclopedia Acton, John Francis Edward
Sixth Baronet of the name. (1736-1811)
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Alcuin
An educator, scholar, and theologian born about 735; died 19 May, 804.
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Azotus
Three uses, one of the five great cities of the Philistines, the mountain to which Bacchides
pursued the Jews in battle, and a titular see of Palestine situated near the seacoast, between
Jaffa and Ascalon.
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Azores
An archipelago situated in that tract of the Atlantic Ocean which is known to mariners as the
Sargasso Sea.
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Azaria, Aristaces
A Catholic Armenian abbot and archbishop, b. at Constantinople, 18 July, 1782; d. at Vienna, 6 May,
1854.
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Aymeric of Piacenza
A learned Dominican, b. at Piacenza, Italy; d. at Bologna, 19 August, 1327.
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Ayeta, Fray Francisco de
A Spanish Franciscan of the seventeenth century.
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Avitus, Saint
Bishop of Vienne. (d. 518)
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Avempace
Arabian philosopher, physician, astronomer, mathematician, and poet, b. at Saragossa towards the
end of the eleventh century; d. at Fez, 1138.
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Avellino
An Italian diocese in the Province of Naples, suffragan to Benevento.
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Anthony Daniel, Saint
Huron missionary, born at Dieppe, in Normandy, 27 May 1601, slain by the Iroquois.
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Averbode
A Premonstratensian abbey belonging to the circary of Brabant and situated near Diest in the
Archdiocese of Malines.
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Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, The
The European monarchy whose dominions have for their main life-distributing artery the River
Danube, in its course from Engelhartszell, near Passau, to Orsova. South of the Danube lie the
Austrian Alpine provinces and the provinces of Carinthia and Carnola; north of the Danube are the
Carpathian and Sudetic provinces.
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Austremonius, Saint
Apostle and Bishop of Auvergne. (c. 314)
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Australia
Includes history, education, and religious statistics.
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Austin, John
An English lawyer and writer, born 1613 at Walpole, in Norfolk; died London, 1669.
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Aurelius
Archbishop of Carthage from 388 to 423.
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Aunarius, Saint
Bishop of Auxerre in France, born 573, died 603.
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Antiquities, Biblical
Details domestic, political, and sacred antiquities.
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Azymites
A term of reproach used by the schismatic Greeks since the eleventh century against the Latins,
who, together with the Armenians and the Maronites, celebrate the Holy Eucharist with unleavened
bread.
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Azymes
Unfermented cakes used by the Jews in their various sacrifices and religious rites.
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Augustine of Hippo, Works of Saint
Covers the writings, including autobiography and correspondence, philosophy, general apology,
scriptural exegesis, and preaching.
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Aztecs
A surname applied to the tribe of the Mexica, or Chichimeca Mexitin, which occupied aboriginal
Mexico, in more or less contiguous groups, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, when the
Spaniards first came into contact with them.
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Azor, Juan
Professor of philosophy and later of theology, both dogmatic and moral, at Piacenza, Alcalá, and
Rome. (1559-1603)
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Azevedo, Luiz de
An Ethiopic missionary and scholar, born, probably at Carrezedo Montenegro, in the Diocese of
Braga, in Portugal, in 1573; died in Ethiopia in 1634.
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Azarias, Brother
Educator, essayist, litterateur, and philosopher, b. near Killenaule, County Tipperary, Ireland, 29
June, 1847.
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Azara, Féliz de
Spanish naturalist, b. at Barbunales in Aragon, 18 May, 1746; d. 1811.
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Aymará
Tribe of sedentary Indians inhabiting the northern sections of Bolivia.
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Aylward, James Ambrose Dominic
Theologian and poet, born at Leeds, 4 April, 1813; died at Hinckley (England), 5 October, 1872.
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Ayllón, Lucas Vésquez de
This Spanish discoverer of Chesapeake Bay, and the first who tried to find a northwest passage from
Europe to Asia, date of birth uncertain; died 18 October, 1526.
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Ayacucho, Diocese of
A Peruvian diocese, suffragan to Lima.
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Axum
A titular metropolitan see of ancient Christian Ethiopia.
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Avril, Philippe
Jesuit, born at Angouleme, France, 16 September, 1654; died in a shipwreck in 1698.
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Avranches, Council of
In 1172 (September 27-28) a Council was held at Avranches in France, apropos of the troubles caused
in the English Church by the murder of St. Thomas Becket.
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Aviz, Order of
Military body of Portuguese knights.
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Augustine of Hippo, Teaching of Saint
Covers his teaching and influence in three sections, (1) His function as a doctor of the church,
(2) His system of grace, and (3) Augustinism in history.
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Avila, Sancho de
Born at Avila of the Kings, in Old Castile, 1546, and named after the place of his birth; died at
Plasencia, in the same province, 6 or 7 December, 1625.
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Avila, Francisco de
Curate or vicar in the province of Huarochiri of Peru, later curate at Huánaco, finally Canon of
the Church of La Plata, in Bolivia.
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Avila
Diocese; suffragan of Valladolid in Spain.
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Avignon, University of
Developed from the already existing schools of the city, was formally constituted in 1303, by a
Bull of Boniface VIII.
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Augustine, Rule of Saint
Details of several writings that have been given this title
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Avignon, Councils of
Details of several councils held here.
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Avignon
Written in the form of Avennio in the ancient texts and inscriptions, takes its name from the
House, or Clan, Avennius.
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Avicenna
Arabian physician and philosopher, born at Kharmaithen, in the province of Bokhara, 980; died at
Hamadan, in Northern Persia, 1037.
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Avicebron
Jewish religious poet, moralist, and philosopher. He was born at Malaga in 1020 or 1021, and died
at Saragossa in 1070.
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Augustine of Hippo, Life of Saint
Three periods of his life are detailed, (1) the young wanderer's gradual return to the Faith; (2)
the doctrinal development of the Christian philosopher to the time of his episcopate; and (3) the
full development of his activities upon the Episcopal throne of Hippo.
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Avesta, Theological Aspects of the
Explores the subjects of God, dualism, angelology, and man.
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Avesta, The
The sacred books of Parsees, or Zoroastrians, and the main source of our knowledge concerning the
religious and spiritual life the ancient Persians.
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Aversa, Diocese of
Comprising twenty-one towns in the Province of Caserta and twelve in the Province of Naples, it is
under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy See.
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Averroes
Arabian philosopher, astronomer, and writer on jurisprudence; born at Cordova, 1126; died at
Morocco, 1198.
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Avendano, Fernando
Priest born at Lima, Peru, either towards the end of sixteenth or in the beginnig of the
seventeenth century; died at Lima, in 1665, shortly after being appointed Bishop of Santiago de
Chile.
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Ave Regina
An antiphon so called from its first line, Ave regina caelorum (Hail, Queen of Heaven).
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Ave Maris Stella
The first verse of an unrhymed, accentual hymn, of seven stropes of four lines each, assigned in
Roman Breviary to Vespers in the Common office, the Office of Saturdays, and the Little Office (as
well as for Feasts) of the Blessed Virgin.
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Avaugour, Pierre du Bois, Baron d'
Sixth Governor General of Canada.
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Avatar
The word is used, in a technical sense, in the Hindu religion to denote the descent upon earth of a
portion of the essence of a god, which then assumes some coarser material form, be it animal,
monster, or man.
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Avarice
The inordinate love for riches.
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Augustine of Canterbury, Saint
First Archbishop of Canterbury, Apostle of the English. (d. 604)
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Augusta
A titular see of Cilicia in Asia Minor.
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Avancini, Nicola
Chiefly known as an ascetical writer, born in the Tyrol, 1612; died 6 December, 1686.
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Ava
A German poetess, the first woman known to have written in German and probably identical with a
recluse of that name who died in Austria in the vicinity of Melk, A.D. 1127.
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Auxilius of Naples
The name (probably fictitious, according to Hefele) of an ecclesiastic to whom we owe a series of
remarkable writings (P. L., CXXIX, 1054 sqq.) that deal with the controversies concerning the
succession and fate of Pope Formosus (891-896), and especially the validity of the orders conferred
by him.
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Auxiliary Bishop
A bishop deputed to a diocesan who, capable of governing and administering his diocese, is unable
to perform the pontifical functions; or whose diocese is so extensive that it requires the labors
of more than one; or whose episcopal see has attached to it a royal or imperial office requiring
protracted presence at court.
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Aachen
In French, Aix-la-Chapelle, the name by which the city is generally known; in Latin Aquae Grani,
later Aquisgranum.
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Auxerre, Councils of
In 585 (or 578) a Council of Auxerre held under St. Annacharius formulated forty-five canons,
closely related in context to canons of the contemporary Councils of Lyons and Mâcon.
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Auxentius of Mopsuestia
Baronius places this bishop in the Roman martyrology, Tillemont is inclined to believe that
Auxentius was an Arian.
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Augilæ
A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa.
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Auxentius, Junior
Originally Mercurinus, a Scythian, and a disciple of Ulfilas, or Wulfila, of whose life and death
he wrote an account.
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Auxentius of Milan
Ordained (343) to the priesthood by Gregory, the intruded Bishop of Alexandria.
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Autun
Comprises the entire Department of Saone et Loire in France. It was suffragan to the Archdiocese of
Lyons under the old regime.
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Autran, Joseph
French poet, born at Marseilles 20 June, 1813; died in the same city, 6 March, 1877.
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Autpert, Ambrose
An early medieval writer and abbot of the Benedictine Order, born in France, early in the eighth
century.
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Autos Sacramentales
A form of dramatic literature which is peculiar to Spain, though in some respects similar in
character to the old Morality plays of England.
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Autocephali
A designation in early Christian times of certain bishops who were subject to no patriarch or
metropolitan, but depended directly on the triennial provincial synod or on the Apostolic See.
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Authorized Version, The
Name given to the English translation of the Bible produced by the Commission appointed by James I,
and in consequence often spoken of as "King James's Bible".
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Authority, Civil
The moral power of command, supported by physical coercion, which the State exercises over its
members.
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Authenticity of the Bible
authority of Holy Writ is twofold on account of its twofold authorship. The various books which
make up the Bible are authentic because of their respective authors. They also possess a higher
authenticity because they're the inspired word of God.
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Aubermont, Jean-Aontoine d'
Theologian of Bois-le-Duc; died 22 November, 1686.
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Authentic
The term is used in two senses. It is applied first to a book or document whose contents are
invested with a special authority, in virtue of which the work is called authentic. In its second
sense it is used as a synonym for "genuine", and therefore means that a work really
emanates from the author to whom it is ascribed.
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Ausonius, Decimus Magnus
Professor and poet. (310-394)
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Ausculta Fili
A letter addressed 5 December 1301, by Pope Boniface VIII to Philip the Fair, King of France.
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Attracta, Saint
Known as the foundress of several churches in the Counties of Galway and Sligo, Ireland.
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Aurora Lucis Rutilat
One of the Ambrosian hymns.
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Aurispa, Giovanni
A famous ltalian humanist and collector of Greek manuscripts, born about 1369 at Noto, in Sicily;
died at Ferrara in 1459.
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Auriesville
The site of the Mohawk village, Montgomery County, New York, U.S.A., in which Father Issac Jogues,
and his companions, Goupil and Lalande, were put to death for the Faith by the Indians.
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Aureoli, Petrus
A Franciscan philosopher and theologian. (1280-1322)
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Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus
Roman Emperor, A.D. 161-180, born at Rome, 26 April, 121; died 17 March, 180.
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Aureliopolis
A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor.
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Aurelian
Roman Emperor, 270-275, born near Sirmium in Pannonia, 9 September, 214; died 275.
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Aurea
A title given to certain works and documents.
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Aumbry
Its original meaning was a cupboard and it has never lost this more general sense, but even in
classical Latin it had of it acquired in addition the special signification of a cupboard of
holding books.
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Augustus
The name by which Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus
Christ was born, is usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14.
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Augustopolis
A titular see of Palestine, suffragan of Petra.
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Augustinus-Verein, The
An association organized in 1878 to promote the interests of the Catholic press, particularly the
daily press, of Germany.
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Augustinus, Antonius
Historian of canon law and Archbishop of Tarragona in Spain, born at Saragossa 26 February, 1517,
of a distinguished family; died at Tarragona, 31 May, 1586.
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Augustin von Alfeld
One of the earliest and most aggressive opponents of Luther, born in the village of Alfeld, near
Hildesheim, from which he took his surname; died probably in 1532.
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Augsburg, Synods of
Two general imperial synods were held in Augsburg. The first, convened in August, 952, through the
efforts of Emperor Otto the Great, provided for the reform of abuses in civil and ecclesiastical
life. A similar synod, convened by Anno, Archbishop of Cologne (27 October, 1062), was occupied
with the internal conditions of the empire and the attitude of the Church of Germany towards the
schism of Cadalus, antipope during the reign of Alexander II.
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Ascetical Theology
Briefly defined as the scientific exposition of Christian asceticism.
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Attala, Saint
Born in the sixth century in Burgundy; died 627.
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Augsburg
Diocese in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Munich-Freising.
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Auger, Edmond
Entered the Society of Jesus while St. Ignatius was still living, and was regarded as one of the
most eloquent men of his time. (1530-1591)
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Aufsees, Jobst Bernhard von
Canon of Bamberg and Würzburg, born 28 March, 1671, on the family estate of Mengersdorf; died 2
April, 1738.
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Auenbrugger, Leopold
An Austrian physician, born 19 November, 1722; died 17 May, 1807.
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Audran
The family name of four generations of distinguished French artists, natives of Paris and Lyons,
which included eight prominent engravers and two painters.
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Auditor
The designation of certain officials of the Roman Curia, whose duty it is to hear and examine the
causes submitted to the pope.
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Atkinson, Ven. Thomas
Martyred at York, 11 March, l6l6.
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Audisio, Guglielmo
Devoted himself to historical studies, especially in illustration of the papacy. (1801-1882)
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Audin, J.-M.-Vincent
Writer, born at Lyons in 1793; died in Paris, 21 February, 1851.
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Audiffredi
Born at Saorgio, near Nice, in 1734; died at Rome, July, 1794.
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Audiences, Pontifical
The receptions given by the pope to cardinals, sovereigns, princes, ambassadors, and other persons,
ecclesiastical or lay, having business with or interest in the Holy See.
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Auctorem Fidei
A Bull issued by Pius VI, 28 August, 1794, in condemnation of the Gallican and Jansenist acts and
tendencies of the Synod of Pistoia (1786).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02068b.htm
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Auckland
Diocese comprising the Provincial District of Auckland (New Zealand), with its islets, and the
Kermadec Group.
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Auch
Archdiocese; comprises the Department of Gers in France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02067c.htm
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Aubusson, Pierre d'
Grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, born 1423; died 1503.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02067b.htm
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Aubignac, François Hédelin, Abbé d'
Grammarian, poet, preacher, archeologist, philologist. (1604-1676)
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Aubery, Joseph
Jesuit missionary in Canada, born at Gisors in Normandy.(1673-1755)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02066d.htm
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Aubarède, Jean-Michel-d'Astorg
Canon regular,and Vicar Capitular of Pamiers, born 1639; died 4 August, 1692.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02066b.htm
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Attuda
A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor.
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Attrition
The Council of Trent has defined contrition as "sorrow of soul, and a hatred of sin committed,
with a firm purpose of not sinning in the future".
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Athenry
A small inland town in the county Galway, Ireland, anciently called Athnere, from Ath-na-Riagh, the
king's ford, or the abode of the king.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02043a.htm
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Athanasius, Saint
Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor and Doctor of the Church.(296-373)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02035a.htm
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Attributes, Divine
In order to form a more systematic idea of God, and as far as possible, to unfold the implications
of the truth, God is All-Perfect, this infinite Perfection is viewed, successively, under various
aspects, each of which is treated as a separate perfection and characteristic inherent to the
Divine Substance, or Essence. A certain group of these, of paramount import, is called the Divine
Attributes.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02062e.htm
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Atto of Vercelli
A learned theologian and canonist of the tenth century.
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Atto of Pistoia
Bishop of Pistoia. (1070-1155)
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Atto
A faithful follower of Gregory VII in his conflict with the simoniac clergy.
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Attiret, Jean Denis
Painter, born at Dole, France, 31 July, 1702; died at Pekin, 8 December, 1768.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02061c.htm
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Attila the Hun
King and general of the Huns; died 453.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02061b.htm
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Attigny, Councils of
Several councils held here are detailed.
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Atticus
Patriarch of Constantinople (406-425), born at Sebaste in Armenia; died 425.
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Attaliates, Michael
Byzantine stateman and historian, probably a native of Attalia in Pamphylia.
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Attalia
A titular metropolitan see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor.
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Attainder
An Act of Parliament for putting a man to death or for otherwise punishing him without trial in the
usual form.
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Atrium
An open place or court before a church.
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Atrib
A titular see of Lower Egypt.
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Atonement, Doctrine of the
In Catholic theology, the Atonement is the Satisfaction of Christ, whereby God and the world are
reconciled or made to be at one.
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Assumption, Augustinians of the
Had its origin in the College of the Assumption, established in Nîmes France, in 1843.
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Atomism
The system of those who hold that all bodies are composed of minute, indivisible particles of
matter called atoms.
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Assicus, Saint
Bishop and Patron of Elphin, in Ireland, one of St. Patrick's converts, and his worker in iron.
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Atom
Primarily, the smallest particle of matter which can exist.
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Atkinson, Sarah
Irish philanthropist and biographer. (1823-1893)
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Atkinson, Paul, of St. Francis
One of the notable confessors of the English Church during the age which succeeded the persecution
of blood.
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Assemani
An illustrious Maronite family of Mount Lebanon, Syria, four members of which, all ecclesiastics,
distinguished themselves during the eighteenth century in the East and in Europe.
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Atkinson, Nicholas
English priest and martyr. (d. 1610)
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Atonement, Day of
A most solemn fast, on which no food could be taken throughout the day, and servile works were
forbidden.
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Atkinson, James
English Catholic confessor. (d. 1595)
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Atienza, Juan de
Jointly with Father Jose de Acosta, directed the publication of catechisms and textbooks of
Christian doctrine for the use of the Indians.
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Athos, Mount
The mountain that the architect Dinocrates offered to turn into a statue of Alexander the Great
with a city in one hand and in the other a perennially flowing spring.
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Athias, Joseph
Issued two editions of the Hebrew Bible.
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Athens, Modern Diocese of
The majority of Catholics who live within the Diocese of Athens are foreigners, or of foreign
descent.
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Athens, Christian
History of the Church in Athens.
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Athenagoras
A Christian apologist of the second half of the second century of whom no more is known than that
he was an Athenian philosopher and a convert to Christianity.
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Athelney, The Abbey of
Established in the County of Somerset, England. Founded by King Alfred, A.D. 888, as a religious
house for monks of the Order of St. Benedict.
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Amerigo Vespucci
Italian navigator. (1451-1512)
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Atheism
That system of thought which is formally opposed to theism.
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Athanasian Creed, The
One of the symbols of the Faith approved by the Church and given a place in her liturgy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02033b.htm
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Athabasca, Vicariate Apostolic of
Suffragan of Saint Boniface; erected 8 April, 1862, by Pius IX.
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Atavism
Duchesne introduced the word to designate those cases in which species revert spontaneously to what
are presumably long-lost characters.
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Atahualpa, Jean Santos
Claimed to have been sent by God to drive the Spaniards from western South America.
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Asia Minor
The peninsular mass that the Asiatic continent projects westward of an imaginary line running from
the Gulf of Alexandretta (Issus) on the Mediterranean to the vicinity of Trebizond (Trapezus) on
the Black Sea.
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Atahuallpa
Son of the Inca war chief Huayna Capac and an Indian woman from Quito.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02032a.htm
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Astruc, Jean
Son of a converted Protestant minister. (1684-1766)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02031b.htm
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Astros, Paul-Thérèse-David d'
French cardinal. (1772-1851)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02031a.htm
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Asia
Article intended to give a rapid survey of the geography, ethnography, political and religious
history of Asia, and especially of the rise, progress, and actual condition of Asiatic Christianity
and Catholicism.
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Astronomy in the Bible
Includes examples of Old and New Testament references.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02029a.htm
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Astronomy
Divided into two main branches, astrometry and astrophysics; the former concerned with determining
the places of the investigation of the heavenly bodies, the latter, with the investigation of their
chemical and physical nature.
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Astrology
The supposed science which determines the influence of the stars, especially of the five older
planets, on the fate of man.
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Astorga
Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Valladolid.
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Aston
The name of several English Catholics of prominence.
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Asti
One of the divisions of the province of Alexandria, and suffragan of Turin.
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Asterius
Name of several prominent persons in early Christian history.
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Asterisk
This is a utensil for the Liturgy according to the Greek Rite, which is not used in Roman Rite.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02017a.htm
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Architecture, Ecclesiastical
All ecclesiastical architecture may be said to have been evolved from two distinct germ-cells, the
oblong and the circular chamber.
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Alexandrinus, Codex
Greek manuscript of the Old and New Testaments, so named because it was brought to Europe from
Alexandria and had been the property of the patriarch of that see.
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Assyria
Includes geographical and historical information.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02007c.htm
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Ashton, Venerable Roger
Martyr, third son of Richard Ashton of Croston, in Lancashire. Hanged, drawn, and quartered at
Tyburn, 23 June, 1592.
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Assur
Three definitions.
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Ashley, Ralph, Blessed
English Jesuit lay-brother, cook and domestic servant, was tortured and martyred in 1606.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01776d.htm
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Asaph, Saint
First Bishop of the Welsh See of that name in the second half of the sixth century.
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Assur - Titular See
A titular see of Proconsular Africa, now Henchir-Zenfour.
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Assumption of Mary, Feast of the
The principal feast of the Blessed Virgin.
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Assumption, Sisters of the
A congregation of French nuns devoted to the teaching of young girls.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02006a.htm
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Assumption, Little Sisters of the
A congregation whose work is the nursing of the sick poor in their own homes.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02005d.htm
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Arundell
Thomas, first Lord Arundell of Wardour.
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Assuerus
The name of two different persons in the Bible.
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Associations, Pious
Under this term are comprehended all those organizations, approved and indulgenced by Church
authority, which have been instituted especially in recent times, for the advancement of various
works of piety and charity.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02005b.htm
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Arts, The Faculty of
One of the four traditional divisions of the teaching body of the university.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01757a.htm
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Association of Priestly Perseverance
A sacerdotal association founded in 1868 at Vienna, and at first confined to that Archdiocese.
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Association of Ideas
A principle in psychology to account for the succession of mental states.
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Association, Right of Voluntary
Any group of individuals freely united for the pursuit of a common end.
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Assmayer, Ignaz
An Austrian musician, born at Salzburg, 11 February, 1790; died in Vienna, 31 August, 1862.
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Assizes of Jerusalem
The code of laws enacted by the Crusaders for the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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Assistant at the Pontifical Throne
Those prelates who belong to the Papal Chapel and hold toward the Pope much the same relation as
cathedral canons do to the bishop.
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Assisi
Diocese in Umbria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01801a.htm
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Assimilation, Psychological
As applied to a mental process, assimilation derives all its force and meaning from the analogy
which many educationists have found to exist between the way in which food is incorporated into the
living tissue and the manner in which truth is acquired by the growing mind.
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Assimilation, Physiological
The vital function by which an organism changes nutrient material into living protoplasm.
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Assideans
The maintainers of the Mosaic Law against the invasion of Greek customs.
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Assessors
In ecclesiastical law, learned persons who function is to counsel a judge with whom they are
associated in the trial of causes.
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Assessor of the Holy Office
An official of the Congregation of the Inquisition.
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Asses, Feast of
The feast dates from the eleventh century, though the source which suggested it is much older.
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Asser, John
A learned monk of St David's, Menevia, b. in Pembrokeshire; d. probably, 910.
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Assemblies of the French Clergy
Meetings of the Clergy of France for the purpose of apportioning the financial burdens laid upon
the Church by the kings of France, and incidentally for other ecclesiastical purposes.
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Assam
A Prefecture Apostolic in the ecclesiastical province of Calcutta, India, established in 1889.
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Ass in Caricature of Christians, The
The calumny of onolatry, or ass-worship, attributed by Tacitus and other writers to the Jews, was
afterwards, by the hatred of the latter, transferred to the Christians.
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Arts, Bachelor of
A degree marking the completion of the traditional curriculum of the college.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01756c.htm
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Aspilcueta, Martin
Spanish canonist and moral theologian. (1491-1586)
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Asperges
The rite of sprinkling the congregation with holy water before the principal Mass on Sunday.
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Aspendus
A titular see of Pamphylia in Asia Minor.
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Asmodeus
Demon mentioned in the Book of Tobias.
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Aske, Robert
English insurgent. (d. 1537)
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Asiongaber
More properly Ezion-geber, a city of Idumea, situated on the northern extremity of the Ælanitic
Gulf, now called the Gulf of Akabah.
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Ashton, John
An early Jesuit missionary in Maryland; born in Ireland, 1742; died in Maryland, 1814, or 1815.
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Ashes
A number of passages in the Old Testament connect ashes with mourning.
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Ashby, Thomas
Suffered at Tyburn, 29 March, 1544.
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Ashby, George
Martyred English monk. (d. 1537)
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Asgaard
Enclosure, garden; the Garden of the Gods.
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Aser
Details four uses of this name.
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Aseneth
The daughter of Putiphare (Poti-phera), priest of On.
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Aseity
The property by which a being exists of and from itself.
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Ascoli, Satriano, and Cirignola
An Italian diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Beneventum.
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Ascoli-Piceno
Diocese comprising sixteen towns in the Province of Ascoli-Piceno, two in that of Aquila, and two
in that of Teramo, Italy.
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Aschbach, Joseph, Ritter von
German historian. (1801-1882)
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Asceticism
The word asceticism comes from the Greek askesis which means practice, bodily exercise, and more
especially, atheletic training.
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Ascension, Feast of the
The fortieth day after Easter Sunday, commemorating the Ascension of Christ into heaven, according
to Mark 16:19, Luke 24:51, and Acts 1:2.
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Ascension
The elevation of Christ into heaven by His own power in presence of His disciples the fortieth day
after His Resurrection.
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Arsenius, Saint
Anchorite. (354-450)
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Ascendente Domino
A Bull issued by Gregory XIII, 24 May, 1584, in favor of the Society of Jesus, to confirm the
constitution of the Society, and the privileges already granted to it by Paul III, Julius III, Paul
IV, and Pius V.
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Ascelin
Ambassador of Innocent IV (1243-54) to the Tartars.
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Ascalon
A titular see of Palestine.
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Arundel, Thomas
Sixtieth Archbishop of Canterbury, second son of Robert, Earl of Arundel and Warren, b. 1353; d. 19
February, 1414.
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Aggeus (Haggai)
The tenth among the minor prophets of the Old Testament.
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Arsacidæ
It was under the Dynasty of the Arsacids, who ruled the Persian empire from the year 256 B.C. to
A.D. 224, that Christianity found its way into the countries watered by the Euphrates and the
Tigris.
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Artvin
A Russian city in the trans-Caucasian province of Kutais.
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Arts, The Seven Liberal
Chiefly used during the Middle Ages. Doesn't mean arts as the word is understood today, but those
branches of knowledge which were taught in the schools of that time.
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Arts, Master of
An academic degree higher than that of Bachelor.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01759a.htm
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Artoklasia
A peculiar service in the Greek Church performed as the concluding part of Vespers.
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Articles, The Organic
A name given to a law regulating public worship, comprising 77 articles relative to Catholicism,
and 44 relative to Protestantism, presented by order of Napoleon to the Tribunate and the
legislative body at the same time that he made these two bodies vote on the Concordat itself.
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Articles of Faith
Certain revealed supernatural truths such as those contained in the symbol of the Apostles.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01755d.htm
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Arthur, Thomas
A celebrated Catholic physician of the seventeenth century, born at Limerick, 1593, died c. 1666.
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Arthur, James
A Dominican friar, and a theologian of note, b. at Limerick, Ireland, early in the seventeenth
century; d. (probably) 1670.
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Artemon
Mentioned as the leader of an Antitrinitarian sect at Rome, in the third century.
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Arsinoe
A titular see of Egypt, now Medinet el Fayum.
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Arsenius Autorianos
Patriarch of Constantinople. (d. 1273)
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Arrighetti, Nicolò
A professor of natural philosophy at Spoleto, Prato, and Sienna, b. at Florence, 17 March, 1709; d.
31 January, 1767.
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Arrighetti, Nicola
Mathematician, b. at Florence and died there in 1639.
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Arricivita, Juan
A native of Mexico in the eighteenth century.
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Arriaga, Pablo José
Jesuit missionary to Peru. (1564-1621)
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Arrowsmith, Saint Edmund
English martyr, born in 1585 at Haddock; executed at Lancaster, 23 August, 1628.
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Arras, Councils of
In 1025 a council was held at Arras against certain (Manichaean) heretics who rejected the |
