| Directory > Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Denominations > Catholicism > Reference > Catholic Encyclopedia Ives, Levi Silliman
Born at Meriden, Connecticut, U.S.A., 16 September, 1797; d. at New York, 13 October, 1867. He was
one of the most distinguished converts to the Church made in the United States through the
influence of the Tractarian Movement of 1848-49.
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Ivo of Chartres, Saint
A bishop of France at the time of the Investiture struggles and the most important canonist before
Gratian in the Occident, born of a noble family about 1040; died in 1116.
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Ives, Saint
Born at Kermartin, near Tréguier, Brittany, the son of Helori, lord of Kermartin, and Azo du
Kenquis.(1253-1303)
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Ibar, Saint
A pre-Patrician Irish saint, who laboured in the present County Wexford from 425 to 450, recognized
the jurisdiction of St. Patrick, and was confirmed in his episcopacy.
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Ignatius Loyola, Saint
Founder of the Jesuits. (1491-1556)
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Ingleby, Venerable Francis
English martyr, born about 1551; suffered at York on Friday, 3 June, 1586.
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Ita, Saint
Called the "Brigid of Munster"; b. in the present County of Waterford, about 475; d. 15
January, 570.
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Isidore the Labourer, Saint
Spanish day laborer, married to St. María de la Cabeza. He died in 1130.
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Isidore of Seville, Saint
Biographical entry for this bishop, who died in 636.
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Isidore of Pelusium, Saint
Born at Alexandria, became a monk, opposed Nestorianism and Eutychianism, d. no later than 449-450.
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Isabel of France, Saint
Daughter of Blanche of Castille and sister of St. Louis IX. Founded a convent of Poor Clares. Died
1270.
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Isaac Jogues, Saint
French Jesuit missionary to Canada, martyred in 1646.
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Irenaeus, Saint
Article on the bishop of Lyons, Father of the Church, d. late second or early third century.
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Innocent I, Pope
Reigned 401-417.
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Itinerarium
A form of prayer used by monks and clerics before setting out on a journey, and for that reason
usually printed at the end of the Breviary, where it can be conveniently found when required.
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Itineraria
Under this term are comprised two kinds of works: travellers' relations describing the places and
countries visited by them, together with such incidents of the voyage as are worth noting; and
compilations intended to furnish information for the guidance of travellers, i.e. works which we
now distinguish as books of travel and guide-books.
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Italy
In ancient times Italy had several other names: it was called Saturnia, in honour of Saturn;
Enotria, wine-producing land; Ausonia, land of the Ausonians; Hesperia, land to the west (of
Greece); Tyrrhenia, etc. The name Italy, which seems to have been taken from vitulus, to signify a
land abounding in cattle, was applied at first to a very limited territory.
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Italo-Greeks
The name applied to the Greeks in Italy who observe the Byzantine Rite.
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Italian Literature
The modern language of Italy is naturally derived from Latin, a continuation and development of the
Latin actually spoken among the inhabitants of the peninsula after the downfall of the Roman
Empire.
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Isernia and Venafro
Diocese in the province of Campobasso in Molise (Southern Italy).
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Ischia
Diocese, suffragan to Naples.
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Isaura
Titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium.
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Irremovability
A quality of certain ecclesiastical offices and dignities. It implies that the incumbent's
appointment is, under certain conditions, a perpetual one, or for the term of his natural life.
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Irregularity
A canonical impediment directly impeding the reception of tonsure and Holy orders or preventing the
exercise of orders already received.
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Institutes, Roman Historical
Collegiate bodies established at Rome by ecclesiastical or civil authority for the purpose of
historical research, notably in the Vatican archives.
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Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools
A society of male religious approved by the Church, but not taking Holy orders, and having for its
object the personal sanctification of its members and the Christian education of youth, especially
of the children of artisans and the poor.
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Incorporation of Church Property, Civil
Christianity at its very beginning, found the concept of the corporation well developed under Roman
law and widely and variously organized in Roman society. It was a concept that the early Christians
soon adapted to their organization and, as a means of protection in the periods of persecution.
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Impostors
That there would be hypocrites who would take advantage of a profession of piety to mask their own
evil designs had been clearly foretold by Christ in the Gospels.
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Ippolito Galantini, Blessed
Founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence; b. at Florence of obscure parentage,
12 October. 1565; d. 20 March, 1619.
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Imperative, Categorical
A term which originated in Immanuel Kant's ethics.
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Impediments, Canonical
Canon law uses the word impediment in its restricted and technical sense, only in reference to
marriage, while impediments to Holy orders are spoken of as irregularities.
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Impanation
An heretical doctrine according to which Christ is in the Eucharist through His human body
substantially united with the substances of bread and wine, and thus is really present as God, made
bread.
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Immanence
Latin, in manere, to remain in. The quality of any action which begins and ends within the agent.
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Illinois
One of the United States of America, bounded on the north by Wisconsin, on the west by the
Mississippi, which separates it from Iowa and Missouri, on the south by the confluent waters of the
Mississippi and the Ohio, which separate it from Kentucky, on the east by Indiana and Lake
Michigan.
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Illegitimacy
As generally defined, and as understood in this article, illegitimacy denotes the condition of
children born out of wedlock.
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Idiota
The nom de plume of an ancient, learned, and pious writer whose identity remained unknown for some
centuries.
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Idea
The word was originally Greek, but passed without change into Latin. It seems first to have meant
form, shape, or appearance, whence, by an easy transition, it acquired the connotation of nature,
or kind.
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Iconium
A titular see of Lycaonia.
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Iceland
The island called Iceland, is considered, because of its population and history as forming a part
of Europe, is situated in the North Atlantic Ocean.
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Ibora
A titular see in the Province of Helenopont, suffragan of Amasia.
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Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'
Founder of the colony of Louisiana, b. at Villemarie, Montreal, 16 July, 1661; d. at Havana, 9
July, 1706.
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Ibas
Elected Bishop of Edessa in 439 as successor of Rabbulas, one of the most ardent supporters of St.
Cyril; d. 457.
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Isla, José Francisco de
Spanish preacher and satirist, b. at Villavidantes (Kingdom of Leon), 24 March, 1703; d. at
Bologna, 2 November, 1782.
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In Cna Domini
A papal Bull, so called from the feast on which it was annually published in Rome, viz, the feast
of the Lord's Supper, or Maundy Thursday.
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Isaac
The son of Abraham and Sara.
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Issus
Titular see of Cilicia Prima.
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Ingulf
Abbot of Croyland, Lincolnshire; d. there 17 December 1109.
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Isaias
The name Isaias signifies "Yahweh is salvation".
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Ipsus
A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada.
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Introit
The Introit (Introitus) of the Mass is the fragment of a psalm with its antiphon sung while the
celebrant and ministers enter the church and approach the altar.
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Innocent V, Blessed Pope
Reigned 1276.
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Isionda
A titular see in the province of Pamphylia Secunda; it was a suffragan of Perge.
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Irnerius
An Italian jurist and founder of the School of Glossators, b. at Bologna about 1050; d. there about
1130.
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Interims
Temporary settlements in matters of religion, entered into by Emperor Charles V (1519-56) with the
Protestants.
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Iroquois
A noted confederacy of five, and afterwards six, cognate tribes of Iroquoian stock, and closely
cognate languages, formerly occupying central New York, and claiming right of conquest over nearly
all the tribes from Hudson Bay to Tennessee River, and westward to Lake Michigan and Illinois
River.
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Irenopolis
A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.
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Irene, Sister
Catherine FitzGibbon, born in London, England, 12 May, 1823; died in New York, 14 August, 1896.
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Isleta Pueblo
The name of two pueblos of the ancient Tigua tribe, of remote Shoshoncan stock.
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Iona, School of
The modern name derived by change of letter from Adamnan's Ioua; in Bede it is Hii; the Gaelic form
is always I or Y, which becomes Hy by prefixing the euphonic h.
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Indo-China
The most easterly of the three great peninsulas of Southern Asia, is bounded on the north by the
mountains of Assam, the Plateau of Yun-nan, and the mountains of Kwang-si; on the east by the
province of Kwang-si (Canton), the Gulf of Tong-king, and the Sea of China; on the south by the Sea
of China, the Gulf of Siam and the Strait of Malacca; on the west by the Gulf of Martaban and the
Bay of Bengal.
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Infallibility
In general, exemption or immunity from liability to error or failure; in particular in theological
usage, the supernatural prerogative by which the Church of Christ is, by a special Divine
assistance, preserved from liability to error in her definitive dogmatic teaching regarding matters
of faith and morals.
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Innocent X, Pope
Reigned 1644-1655.
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Isaac of Armenia
Catholicos or Patriarch of Armenia (338-439).
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India
The peninsula is separated on the north from Tibet and Central Asia by the Himalaya, Hindu Kush,
and Karakoram mountains, and some lower ranges divide it from Afghanistan and Baluchistan.
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Innocent XIII, Pope
Reigned 1721-24.
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Ionian Islands
A group of seven islands and a number of islets scattered over the Ionian Sea to the west of
Greece.
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Ibagué
Suffragan of Bogotá, in the Republic of Colombia, South America.
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Intuition
A psychological and philosophical term which designates the process of immediate apprehension or
perception of an actual fact, being, or relation between two terms and its results.
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Iriarte, Ignacio de
Painter, b. at Azcoitia, Guipuzcoa, in 1620; d. at Seville, 1685.
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Ite Missa Est
This is the versicle chanted in the Roman Rite by the deacon at the end of Mass, after the
Post-Communions.
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Irvingites
A religious sect called after Edward Irving (1792-1834), a deposed Presbyterian minister.
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Isabella I
Queen of Castile. (1451-1504)
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Illtyd, Saint
Fifth-century Welsh saint.
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Infralapsarians
The name given to a party of Dutch Calvinists in the seventeenth century, who sought to mitigate
the rigour of Calvin's doctrine concerning absolute predestination.
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Intercession
To go or come between two parties, to plead before one of them on behalf of the other.
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Immaculate Conception
In the Constitution Ineffabilis Deus of 8 December, 1854, Pius IX pronounced and defined that the
Blessed Virgin Mary "in the first instance of her conception, by a singular privilege and
grace granted by God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was
preserved exempt from all stain of original sin."
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Investiture, Canonical
The act by which a suzerain granted a fief to his vassal, and the ceremonies which accompanied that
grant.
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Introduction, Biblical
Designates the part of Scriptural science which is concerned with topics preliminary to the
detailed study and correct exposition of Holy Writ, and also, it is given to a work in which these
various topics are actually treated.
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Invincible Armada, The
A fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the long series of English aggressions
against the colonies and possessions of the Spanish Crown.
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Intrusion
The act by which unlawful possession of an ecclesiastical benefice is taken.
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Interdict
Originally in Roman law, an interlocutory edict of the praetor, especially in matter affecting the
right of possession; it still preserves this meaning in both Roman and canon law.
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Indiana
One of the United States of America, the nineteenth in point of admission.
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Institution, Canonical
In its strictest sense the word denotes the collation of an ecclesiastical benefice by a legitimate
authority, on the presentation of a candidate by a third person.
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Instinct
The term usually includes the idea of a purposive adaptation of an action or series of actions in
an organized being, not governed by consciousness of the end to be attained.
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Intercession, Episcopal
The right to intercede for criminals, which was granted by the secular power to the bishops of the
Early Church.
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Interest (in Economics)
A value exacted or promised over and above the restitution of a borrowed capital.
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Intention
An act of the will by which that faculty efficaciously desires to reach an end by employing the
means.
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Illuminated Manuscripts
A large number of manuscripts covered with painted ornaments.
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Installation
This word, strictly speaking, applies to the solemn induction of a canon into the stall or seat
which he is to occupy in the choir of a cathedral or collegiate church.
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Intellect
The faculty of thought.
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Inspiration of the Bible
Covered in four sections, I. Belief in Inspired books; II. Nature of Inspiration; III. Extent of
Inspiration; IV. Protestant Views on the Inspiration of the Bible.
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Isaac of Nineveh
A Nestorian bishop of that city in the latter half of the seventh century, being consecrated by the
Nestorian Patriarch George (660-80).
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Ine, Saint
King of West Saxons, d. 728.
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Injustice
The violation of another's strict right against his reasonable will, and the value of the word
right is determined to be the moral power of having or doing or exacting something in support or
furtherance of one's own advantage.
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Inquisition, Canonical
Either extra-judicial or judicial: the former might be likened to a coroner's inquest in civil law;
while the latter is similar to an investigation by the grand jury.
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Ingolstadt, University of
Founded by Louis the Rich, Duke of Bavaria.
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Investitures, Conflict of
The terminus technicus for the great struggle between the popes and the German kings Henry IV and
Henry V, during the period 1075-1122.
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Innocent XI, Pope
Reigned 1676-89.
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Insanity
The dividing line between sanity and insanity, like the line that distinguishes a man of average
height from a tall man, can be described only in terms of a moral estimate.
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Indianapolis
Diocese; suffragan of Cincinnati, established as the Diocese of Vincennes in 1834, but by brief
dated 28 March, and promulgated 30 April, 1898, the pope changed the see to Indianapolis.
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Imbonati, Carlo Giuseppe
Cistercian of the Reform of St. Bernard, orientalist, biographer, theologian; born at Milan;
flourished in the latter half of the seventeenth century.
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Ionian School of Philosophy
Includes the earliest Greek philosophers, who lived at Miletus, an Ionian colony in Asia Minor,
during the sixth century B.C., and a group of philosophers who lived about one hundred years later
and modified the doctrines of their predecessors in several respects.
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Infinity
The infinite, as the word indicates, is that which has no end, no limit, no boundary, and therefore
cannot be measured by a finite standard, however often applied; it is that which cannot be attained
by successive addition, not exhausted by successive subtraction of finite quantities.
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Inventory of Church Property
An inventory is to be made at the beginning of a given administration; when the period of
management has expired, the out-going official must produce all the things which appear in this
inventory or were added later, excepting those which have been consumed or rendered useless.
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Indulgences, Apostolic
Those which the Roman pontiff, the successor of the Prince of the Apostles, attaches to the
crosses, crucifixes, chaplets, rosaries, images, and medals which he blesses, either with his own
hand or by those to whom he has delegated this faculty.
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Irish Confessors and Martyrs
The period covered by this article embraces that between the years 1540 and (approximately) 1713.
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Ingworth, Richard of
A Franciscan preacher who flourished about 1225.
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Innocent VIII, Pope
Reigned 1484-1492.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08019b.htm
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Inscriptions, Early Christian
Divided into three main classes: sepulchral inscriptions, epigraphic records, and inscriptions
concerning private life.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08042a.htm
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Innocent IX, Pope
Reigned 1591.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08020a.htm
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Ingen-Housz, Jan
Investigator of the physiology of plants, physicist, and physician. (1730-1799)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16046b.htm
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Innocent VI, Pope
Reigned 1352-1362.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08018b.htm
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Institute of Mary
The official title of the second congregation founded by Mary Ward.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08054a.htm
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Illuminati
False Spanish mystics.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16046a.htm
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Inghirami, Giovanni
Italian astronomer, b. at Volterra, Tuscany, 16 April, 1779; d. at Florence, 15 August, 1851.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08007b.htm
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Innocent III, Pope
Reigned 1198-1216.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08013a.htm
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Innocent IV, Pope
Reigned 1243-1254.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08017a.htm
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Incardination and Excardination
In the ecclesiastical sense the words are used to denote that a given person is freed from the
jurisdiction of one bishop and is transferred to that of another.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07704a.htm
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Innocent II, Pope
Reigned 1130-1143.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08012a.htm
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Infessura, Stefano
Lawyer and antipapal chronicler. (1435-1500)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08002a.htm
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Indians, American
History, customs, and language are covered here.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07747a.htm
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Indies, Patriarchate of the East
In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07758a.htm
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Induction
Induction is the conscious mental process by which we pass from the perception of particular
phenomena (things and events) to the knowledge of general truths.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07779a.htm
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Imperfect Contrition
The Council of Trent has defined contrition as "sorrow of soul, and a hatred of sin committed,
with a firm purpose of not sinning in the future".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02065a.htm
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Infamy
Loss of a good name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08001a.htm
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Italians in the United States
Information on distribution, statistics, and religion.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08202a.htm
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Immaculate Conception, Congregation of the
Article covers several groups of this name.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07681a.htm
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Individual, Individuality
An individual being is defined by St. Thomas as "quod est in se indivisum, ab aliis vero
divisum" (a being undivided in itself but separated from other beings).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07762a.htm
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Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Irish
Founded by Frances Mary Teresa Ball, under the direction and episcopal jurisdiction of the Most
Rev. D. Murray, Archbishop of Dublin.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08055b.htm
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Inchbald, Elizabeth
Novelist, dramatist, and actress; b. at Staningfield, near Bury St. Edmunds, 15 Oct., 1753; d. at
Kensington, London, 1 Aug., 1821.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07717b.htm
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Incarnation, The
The Incarnation is the mystery and the dogma of the Word made Flesh.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07706b.htm
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Ipolyi, Arnold
Bishop of Grosswardein (Nagy-Várad), b. at Ipoly-Keszi, 20 Oct., 1823; d. at Grosswardein, 2
December 1886.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08097a.htm
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Infidels
As in ecclesiastical language those who by baptism have received faith in Jesus Christ and have
pledged Him their fidelity and called the faithful, so the name infidel is given to those who have
not been baptized.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08002b.htm
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Invitatorium
The invitation addressed to the faithful to come and take part in the Divine Office.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08089a.htm
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Ildephonsus, Saint
Archbishop of Toledo. (d. 667)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07649b.htm
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In Petto
An Italian translation of the Latin in pectore, "in the breast", i.e. in the secret of
the heart.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08025b.htm
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Indult, Pontifical
General faculties granted by the Holy See to bishops and others, of doing something not permitted
by the common law.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07789a.htm
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Indulgences
A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, the guilt of which has been forgiven.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07783a.htm
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Incest
Sexual intercourse between those who are related by blood or marriage.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07717a.htm
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Individualism
The tendency to magnify individual liberty, as against external authority, and individual activity,
as against associated activity.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07761a.htm
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Intendencia Oriental y Llanos de San Martín
Vicariate Apostolic in the province of Saint Martin, Colombia, South America, created 24 March,
1908, and entrusted to the Society of Mary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08069a.htm
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Imhof, Maximus von
German physicist, born 26 July, 1758, at Rissbach, in Bavaria; died 11 April, 1817 at Munich.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674b.htm
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In Partibus Infidelium
A term meaning "in the lands of the unbelievers," words added to the name of the see
conferred on non-residential or titular Latin bishops.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08025a.htm
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Immortality
By immortality is ordinarily understood the doctrine that the human soul will survive death,
continuing in the possession of an endless conscious existence.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07687a.htm
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Ignorance
Lack of knowledge about a thing in a being capable of knowing.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07648a.htm
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Improperia
The reproaches which in the liturgy of the Office of Good Friday the Saviour is made to utter
against the Jews, who, in requital for all the Divine favours and particularly for the delivery
from the bondage of Egypt and safe conduct into the Promised Land, inflicted on Him the ignominies
of the Passion and a cruel death.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07703a.htm
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Indifferentism, Religious
The term given, in general, to all those theories, which, for one reason or another, deny that it
is the duty of man to worship God by believing and practicing the one true religion.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07759a.htm
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Islip, Simon
An Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Islip, near Oxford; d. at Mayfield, Sussex, 26 April, 1366.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08191b.htm
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Index of Prohibited Books
The exact list or catalogue of books, the reading of which was once forbidden to Catholics by the
highest ecclesiastical authority.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07721a.htm
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Ichthys (Fish), Symbolism of the
The symbol itself may have been suggested by the miraculous multification of the loaves and fishes
or the repast of the seven Disciples, after the Resurrection, on the shore of the Sea of Galilee,
but its popularity among Christians was due principally, to the famous acrostic consisting of the
initial letters of five Greek words forming the word for fish (Ichthys), which words briefly but
clearly described the character of Christ and His claim to the worship of believers: Iesous
Christos Theou Yios Soter, i.e. Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06083a.htm
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Idatius of Lemica
Chronicler and bishop. (d. 468)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07592a.htm
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Insane, Asylums and Care for the
The Church, from the earliest times, arranged for the care of the insane.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08038b.htm
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In Commendam
A phrase used in canon law to designate a certain manner of collating an ecclesiastical benefice.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07719a.htm
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Incense
An aromatic substance which is obtained from certain resinous trees and largely employed for
purposes of religious worship.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07716a.htm
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Infanticide
Child-murder; the killing of an infant before or after birth.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08001b.htm
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Ignacio de Azevedo, Blessed
Portuguese Jesuit, missionary to Brazil, martyred with thirty-nine companions by Huguenot pirates
near the island of Palma in 1570.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07639b.htm
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Imola
Diocese; suffragan of Bologna.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07692a.htm
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Iglesias de la Casa, José
A Spanish of the coterie gathered about Meléndez, Valdés, born at Salamanca, 31 October, 1748;
died 1791.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07639a.htm
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Imposition of Hands
A symbolical ceremony by which one intends to communicate to another some favour, quality or
excellence (principally of a spiritual kind), or to depute another to some office.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07698a.htm
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Idumea
The country inhabited by the descendants of Edom.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07638a.htm
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Illyria
A district of the Balkan Peninsula, which has varied in extent at different periods.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07663a.htm
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Illuminative Way
The word state is used in various senses by theologians and spiritual writers.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14254a.htm
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Irish, The, (in countries other than Ireland)
Includes the United States, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, South Africa, and South America.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08132b.htm
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Imola, Innocenzo di Pietro Francucci da
Italian painter; b. at Imola, c. 1494; d. at Bologna, c. 1550.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07693a.htm
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Ingres, Jean-Auguste Dominique
A French painter, b. at Montauban, 29 August, 1780; d. at Paris, 14 January, 1867.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08008b.htm
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Immunity
An exemption from a legal obligation (munus), imposed on a person or his property by law, custom,
or the order of a superior.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07690a.htm
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Iconography, Christian
The science of the description, history, and interpretation of the traditional representations of
God, the saints and other sacred subjects in art.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07625a.htm
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Internuncio
The name given in the Roman Curia to a diplomatic agent who, though not belonging to the five
highest classes of the papal diplomatic service (legatus a latere, nuncio with full powers of a
legatus a latere, legate, nuncio of the first class, and nuncio of the second class), is,
nevertheless, chief of a legation (chef de mission).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08078a.htm
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Illuminati
Secret society founded in 1776.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07661b.htm
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Innocent VII, Pope
Reigned 1406.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08019a.htm
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Iglesias, Diocese of
A suffragan of Cagliari in Sardinia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07638b.htm
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Indian Missions, Bureau of Catholic
An institution originated (1874) by J. Roosevelt Barley, Archbishop of Baltimore, for the
protection and promotion of Catholic Indian mission interests in the United States of America.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07745a.htm
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Idaho
Probably from an Arapahoe Indian word, "Gem of the Mountains", the name first suggested
for the territory of Colorado.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07627a.htm
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Immanuel
Signifies "God with us" (Matthew 1:23), and is the name of the child predicted in Isaias
7:14: "Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and his name shall be called
Emmanuel".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05404a.htm
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Isaac of Seleucia
Patriarch of the Persian Church, d. 410.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08176b.htm
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Ignatius of Antioch, Saint
Bishop of Antioch. (d. c. 115)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07644a.htm
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Imagination
The faculty of representing to oneself sensible objects independently of an actual impression of
those objects on our senses.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07672a.htm
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Idolatry
Etymologically denotes divine worship given to an image, but its signification has been extended to
all divine worship given to anyone or anything but the true God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07636a.htm
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Incarnate Word, Sisters of Charity of the
This congregation, with simple vows, was founded by Rt. Rev. C.M. Dubuis, Bishop of Galveston.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07705a.htm
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Images, Veneration of
It is an uncompromising attitude in the late Jewish history, together with the apparently obvious
meaning of the First Commandment, that are responsible for the common idea that Jews had no images.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07664a.htm
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Ivrea, Diocese of
Suffragan of Turin, Northern Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08258a.htm
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Idioms, Communication of
A technical expression in the theology of the Incarnation. It means that the properties of the
Divine Word can be ascribed to the man Christ, and that the properties of the man Christ can be
predicated of the Word.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04169a.htm
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Iconostasis
A great screen or partition running from side to side of the apse or across the entire end of the
church, which divides the sanctuary from the body of the church, and is built of solid materials
such as stone, metal, or wood, and which reaches often (as in Russia) to the very ceiling of the
church, thus completely shutting off the altar and the sanctuary from the worshipper.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07626a.htm
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Ideas, Association of
A principle in psychology to account for the succession of mental states.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02004a.htm
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Ishmael
Son of Abraham and Hagar.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08192a.htm
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Illinois Indians
An important confederacy of Algonquian tribes formerly occupying the greater part of the present
state of Illinois, together with the adjacent portions of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Missouri.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07660a.htm
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Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament, Order of the
Founded in the early part of the seventeenth century by Jeanne Chezard de Matel.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07706a.htm
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Iconoclasm
The name of the heresy that in the eighth and ninth centuries disturbed the peace of the Eastern
Church, caused the last of the many breaches with Rome that prepared the way for the schism of
Photius, and was echoed on a smaller scale in the Frankish kingdom in the West.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07620a.htm
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Irish College, in Rome
Towards the close of the sixteenth century, Gregory XIII had sanctioned the foundation of an Irish
college in Rome, and had assigned a large sum of money as the nucleus of an endowment.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08157a.htm
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Institute of Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart
There are houses of the institute in New York, Trenton, Porto Rico, and Baltimore.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08055a.htm
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Islam (Concept)
An Arabic word which, since Mohammed's time, has acquired a religious and technical significance
denoting the religion of Mohammed and of the Koran, just as Christianity denotes that of Jesus and
of the Gospels, or Judaism that of Moses, the Prophets, and of the Old Testament.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08190a.htm
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Irish Colleges, on the Continent
The religious persecution under Elizabeth and James I lead to the suppression of the monastic
schools in Ireland in which the clergy for the most part received their education. It became
necessary, therefore, to seek education abroad, and many colleges for the training of the secular
clergy were founded on the Continent, at Rome, in Spain and Portugal, in Belgium, and in France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08158a.htm
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Innocent XII, Pope
Reigned 1691-1700.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08022a.htm
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Issachar
It designates, first, the ninth son of Jacob and the fifth son of Lia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08201a.htm
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IHS
A monogram of the name of Jesus Christ.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07649a.htm
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Iowa
One of the North Central States of the American Union, and is about midway between the Atlantic and
the Pacific Oceans.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08093b.htm
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Ivory
The tusks of the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, and other animals: a tough and elastic substance,
of a creamy white, taking a high and lasting polish, largely employed in the arts since
pre-historic times, and used extensively in making or adorning ecclesiastical objects by the
primitive and medieval Christians.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08257b.htm
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Ibarra
Diocese in Southern Ecuador, suffragan of Quito, created by Pius IX.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07613c.htm
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Ispahan
A Catholic Armenian Latin see.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08192b.htm
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Idealism
The characteristic of those who regard the ideas of truth and right, goodness and beauty, as
standards and directive forces.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07634a.htm
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Ionopolis
A titular see in the province of Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangres.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08093a.htm
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Islam (Religion)
Mohammed, "the Praised One", the prophet of Islam and the founder of Mohammedanism, was
born at Mecca (20 August?) A.D. 570.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10424a.htm
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Israelites
The word designates the descendants of the Patriarch Jacob, or Israel.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08193a.htm
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Ittenbach, Franz
Historical painter; born at Königswinter, at the foot of the Drachenfels, in 1813; died at
Düsseldorf, 1879.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08256a.htm
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Imitation of Christ
A work of spiritual devotion, also sometimes called the "Following of Christ". Its
purpose is to instruct the soul in Christian perfection with Christ as the Divine Model.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674c.htm
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Innsbruck University
Opened at Innsbruck in 1562 by Blessed Peter Canisius, at the request and on the foundation of the
Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08024b.htm
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Ireland, Ven. William
Jesuit martyr, born in Lincolnshire, 1636; executed at Tyburn, 24 Jan., 1679.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08130a.htm
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Isidore of Thessalonica
Cardinal and sometime Metropolitan of Kiev or Moscow, b. at Thessalonica (Saloniki) towards the end
of the fourteenth century; d. at Rome, 27 April, 1463.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08188a.htm
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Interest (in Psychology)
Defined as a kind of consciousness accompanying and stimulating attention, a feeling pleasant or
painful directing attention, the pleasurable or painful aspect of a process of attention, and as
identical with attention itself.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08075a.htm
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Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de Alba
Mexican historian. (1568-1648)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08258b.htm
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Ignatius of Constantinople, Saint
Patriarch of Constantinople. (799-877)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07647a.htm
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Irish Literature
It is uncertain at what period and in what manner the Irish discovered the use of letters. It may
have been through direct commerce with Gaul, but it is more probable, as McNeill has shown in his
study of Irish oghams, that it was from the Romanized Britons that they first learned the art of
writing.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08116a.htm
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Inquisition
By this term is usually meant a special ecclesiastical institutional for combating or suppressing
heresy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08026a.htm
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Igneus, Blessed Peter
Peter Igneus, so-called because he successfully underwent trial by fire. Vallombrosian monk,
Cardinal of Albano, d. 1089.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11768c.htm
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Ingram, Venerable John
English martyr, born at Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, in 1565; executed at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 26
July, 1594.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08008a.htm
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