| Directory > Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Denominations > Catholicism > Reference > Catholic Encyclopedia Vilna
The capital of Lithuania, situated at the junction of the Rivers Vileika and Vilja.
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Viviers
Diocese; includes the Department of Ardèche, France.
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Vivarini
A family of Italian painters. Alvise, Antonio, and Bartolommeo (Bartolommeo da Murano).
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Vitoria
Diocese; suffragan of Burgos, in Spain.
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Visigoths
One of the two principal branches of the Goths.
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Virginia
One of the thirteen original states.
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Vincentians
A congregation of secular priests with religious vows founded by St. Vincent de Paul.
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Visitation, Canonical
The act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or places
with a view of maintaining faith and discipline, and of correcting abuses by the application of
proper remedies.
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Vogler, George Joseph
Theorist, composer, organist. (1749-1814)
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Vikings
The Scandinavians who, in the ninth and tenth centuries, first ravaged the coasts of Western Europe
and its islands and then turned from raiding into settlers.
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Virgin Birth of Christ
The dogma which teaches that the Blessed Mother of Jesus Christ was a virgin before, during, and
after the conception and birth of her Divine Son.
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Vivisection
Defined literally the word vivisection signifies the dissection of living creatures.
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Volksverein
Organization of German Catholics opposing heresies and revolutionary tendencies in the social
world, and for the defence of Christian order in society.
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Van De Vyver, Augustine
Sixth Bishop of Richmond, Virginia. (1844-1911)
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Viotti, Giovanni Battista
Founder of the modern school of violinist.
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Villeneuve-Barcement, Jean-Paul-Alban
Vicomte de, b. at Saint-Auban, Var, 8 Aug., 1784; d. at Paris, 8 June, 1850.
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Voluntarism
In the modern metaphysical sense is a theory which explains the universe as emanating ultimately
from some form of will.
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Vallée-Poussin, Charles-Louis-Joseph-Xavier de la
Professor of geology and mineralogy at the Catholic University of Louvain. (1827-1903)
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Vogüé, Eugène-Melchior, Vicomte de
Critic, novelist, and historian. (1848-1910)
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Vineam Domini
An Apostolic Constitution issued by Clement XI against the Jansenists on 16 July, 1705.
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Visitation Order
The nuns of the Visitation of Mary, called also Filles de Sainte-Marie, Visitandines, and Salesian
Sisters, were founded in 1610.
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Vittorino da Feltre
Humanist educator. (1397-1446)
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Vienne, Council of
Convened 1311-1312.
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Villefranche, Jacques-Melchior
Publicist. (1829-1904)
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Vich, Diocese of
Suffragan of Tarragona.
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Vespers
Details about vespers starting from the sixth century.
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Viger, Denis-Benjamin
French-Canadian statesman and writer. (1774-1861)
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Van Cleef, Joost
Flemish painter. (1520-1556)
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Virginity
Morally, virginity signifies the reverence for bodily integrity which is suggested by a virtuous
motive.
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Vincent of Beauvais
Priest and encyclopedist. (1190-1264)
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Virtue, Heroic
The notion of heroicity is derived from hero, originally a warrior, a demigod; hence it connotes a
degree of bravery, fame, and distinction.
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Viger, Jacques
French-Canadian antiquarian and archaeologist. (1787-1858)
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Vienna
The capital of Austria-Hungary, the residence of the emperor, and the seat of a Latin
archbishopric.
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Victor IV
Cardinal Gregory Conti, elected in opposition to Innocent II.
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Violence
The stimulus or moving cause must come from without; no one can do violence to himself.
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Vincent Mary Pallotti, Saint
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
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Villermé, Louis-René
French economist. (1782-1863)
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Vulgate, Revision of
In the spring of 1907 the public press announced that Pius X had determined to begin preparations
for a critical revision of the Latin Bible.
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Villanovanus, Arnaldus
Physician and alchemist. (1235-1312)
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Vladimir the Great, Saint
First Russian ruler to embrace Christianity. (956-1015)
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Vinci, Leonardo di Ser Piero da
Florentine painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scholar. (1452-1519)
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Vitalis, Saint
Martyred by order of a judge named Paulinus for having encouraged St. Ursicinus, who was wavering
at the prospect of death, and for having given burial to his remains.
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Vitalis of Savigny, Saint
Founder of the Congregation of Savigny. (1060-1122)
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Vierthaler, Franz Michael
Austrian pedagogue. (1758-1827)
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Vigilius
Bishop of Tapsus, in the African Province of Byzacena.
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Vicar-General
The highest official of a diocese after the ordinary.
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Vitalis and Agricola, Saints
Fourth-century martyrs.
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Vergerio, Pier Paolo, the Elder
Humanist, statesman, and canonist. (b. 1370)
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Vieta, François
Father of modern algebra.
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Ventimiglia
Italian diocese.
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Vitalian, Pope Saint
Reigned 657-72.
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Vico, Francescoe de
Astronomer. (1805-1848)
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Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The event is related in Luke 1:39-57.
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Virgin Mary, Devotion to the
Devotion to Our Blessed Lady in its ultimate analysis must be regarded as a practical application
of the doctrine of the Communion of Saints.
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Voluntary Association, Right of
Any group of individuals freely united for the pursuit of a common end.
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Vincent de Paul, Sisters of Charity of Saint
A congregation of women with simple vows, founded in 1633 and devoted to corporal and spiritual
works of mercy.
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Victimae Paschali Laudes Immolent Christiani
First stanza of the Easter sequence.
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Virgin Mary, The
The Blessed Virgin Mary is the mother of Jesus Christ, the mother of God.
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Virgilius, Saint
Archbishop of Arles, died c. 610.
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Vindicianus, Saint
Bishop of Cambrai-Arras. (620-700)
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Vicar
In canon law, the representative of a person clothed with ordinary ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
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Virgin Mary, Name of
The Hebrew form of her name is miryam.
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Vincent, Saint
Founder and abbot of the monasteries of Hautmont and Soignies. (d. 677)
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Vargas y Mexia, Francisco de
Spanish diplomat and ecclesiastical writer, died 1566.
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Vida, Marco Girolamo
Italian Humanist.
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Velazquez, Diego Rodriguez de Silva y
Spanish painter. (1599-1660)
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Vezzosi, Antonio Francesco
Member of the Theatine Congregation and biographical writer. (1708-1783)
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Ventura di Raulica, Gioacchino
Italian orator, patriot, philosopher. (1792-1861)
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Viborg, Ancient See of
Located in Denmark.
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Vespucci, Amerigo
Italian navigator. (1451-1512)
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Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da
A theoretical and practical architect of the Transition Period between the Renaissance and Baroque
styles. (1507-1573)
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Veruela
A Cistercian monastery and church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It is situated five miles
north-west of Borja, Saragossa, Spain.
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Vicente, Gil
Portuguese dramatist. (1470-1536)
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Vestibule (in Architecture)
A hall projecting in front of the façade of a church, found from the fifth century both in the
East and the West.
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Vincent, Saint
Deacon of Saragossa and martyr under Diocletian. (d. 304)
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Vigevano
Diocese in Lombardy, Province of Pavia.
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Vincent of Lérins, Saint
Fifth-century ecclesiastical writer.
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Victoria
Diocese in southwestern British Columbia.
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Viel, Nicholas
Died 1625, the first victim of apostolic zeal on the shores of the St. Lawrence.
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Vienna, University of
The oldest university of the former Holy Roman Empire, next to the University of Prague.
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Vieira, Antonio
Missionary, diplomat, orator. (1608-1697)
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Victoria Nyanza, Southern
Vicariate apostolic erected from the mission of Nyanza.
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Visdelou, Claude de
One of the missionaries sent to China by Louis XIV in 1687.
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Vincent Kadlubek, Blessed
Bishop of Cracow, chronicler. (1160-1223)
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Verstegan, Richard
Publisher and antiquarian, born at London, about 1548.
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Vexiö, Ancient See of
In Sweden, comprised the County of Kronoberg and the hundreds of Ostra, Westra, Östbo, and Westbo
in the County of Jönköping.
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Victor
Bishop of Tunnunum in Northern Africa. (d. 569)
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Victor of Capua
A sixteenth-century bishop.
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Vetter, Conrad
Preacher and polemical writer. (1547-1622)
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Venturino of Bergamo
Preacher. (1304-1346)
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Vincent Ferrer, Saint
Dominican missionary. (1350-1419)
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Viator, Clerics of Saint
Lector of the cathedral at Lyons, France, in the fourth century.
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Victoria Nyanza, Northern
Founded in 1878 by the White Fathers of Cardinal Lavigerie.
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Verreau, Hospice-Anthelme
French-Canadian priest, educator, and historian. (1828-1901)
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Viaticum
Among the ancient Greeks the custom prevailed of giving a supper to those setting out on a journey.
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Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia, Saints
According to the legend, martyrs under Diocletian; feast, 15 June.
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Vicar Capitular
The administrator of a vacant diocese, elected by a cathedral chapter.
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Vestments
According to the rules of the Church or from ecclesiastical usage, are to be worn by the clergy in
performing the ceremonies of the services of the Church.
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Verona
Diocese in Venetia (Northern Italy).
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Vincent de Paul, Saint
Born at Pouy, Gascony, France.
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Vigilius, Pope
Reigned 537-55.
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Vigilius, Saint
Martyr and Bishop of Trent. (353-405)
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Vatican as a Scientific Institution, The
Details of scientific activity in the Vatican.
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Vischer, Peter
Sculptor and metal founder. (1460-1529)
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Victorinus, Saint
Bishop and writer. (d. 303)
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Vicenza, Diocese of
The city is the capital of a province in Venetia (Northern Italy).
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Vergil, Polydore
Commissioned by Henry VII to write the history of England.
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Vicari, Hermann von
Archbishop of Freiburg in Baden. (1773-1868)
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Viader, José
Assistant at the Indian mission of Santa Clara.
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Victor Vitensis
An African bishop of the Province of Byzacena.
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Vaga
A titular see of Numidia, frequently mentioned by historians and ancient geographers.
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Vincent de Paul, Society of Saint
An international association of Catholic laymen engaging systematically in personal service of the
poor.
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Verri, Count Pietro
Economist.(1728-1797)
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Veit, Philipp
Painter. (1793-1877)
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Vicar of Christ
A title of the pope implying his supreme and universal primacy, both of honour and of jurisdiction,
over the Church of Christ.
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Vicar Apostolic
In the early ages of the Church, the popes committed to some residentiary bishops the duty of
watching over ecclesiastical matters in a certain region.
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Veuillot, Louis
Journalist and writer. (1813-1883)
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Vice
Regarded as a habit inclining one to sin.
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Vexilla Regis Prodeunt
Written by Venantius Fortunatus.
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Verbum Supernum Prodiens
The first line of two hymns celebrating respectively the Nativity of Christ and the Institution of
the Holy Eucharist.
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Veszprém
Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Gran, one of the sees founded about 1009 by King St. Stephen, or
perhaps by Queen Gisela, his wife.
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Victor III, Pope Blessed
Reigned 1086-1087.
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Vertin, John
Third Bishop of Marquette, U.S.A. (1844-1899)
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Victor II, Pope
Reigned 1055-57.
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Viva, Domenico
Writer. (1648-1726)
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Victor I, Pope Saint
Reigned 189-198.
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Vering, Friedrich Heinrich
German canonist. (1833-1896)
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Veni Creator Spiritus
The most famous of hymns, assigned in the Roman Breviary to Vespers (I and II) and Terce of
Pentecost and throughout the octave.
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Vespasiano da Bisticci
Florentine humanist and librarian. (1421-1498)
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Veto, The Royal
Lord Grenville presented a petition for the Catholics in the Lords, and, in moving for a committee,
proposed an effective veto for the king on the appointment of bishops.
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Vessels, Altar
The chalice is the cup in which the wine and water of the Eucharistic Sacrifice is contained.
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Verot, Augustin
Third Bishop of Savannah, first of St. Augustine. (1804-1876)
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Vercelli
Archdiocese in the Province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy.
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Vespasian
Roman Emperor.
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Valentinus and Valentinians
The best known and most influential of the Gnostic heretics, born on the coast of Egypt.
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Vergani, Paolo
Italian political economist. (1753-1820)
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Vesalius, Andreas
The reorganizer of the study of anatomy.
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Vows
A promise made to God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15511a.htm
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Vespers, Music of
The texts (e.g. antiphons, psalms, hymn) sung in Vespers vary according to the feast or the season
of the church year.
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Verrocchio, Andrea del
Artist. (1435-1488)
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Verna, La
An isolated mountain hallowed by association with St. Francis of Assisi, situated in the centre of
the Tuscan Appenines.
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Vercellone, Carlo
Biblical scholar, born at Biella, Milan; died at Rome, 19 January, 1869.
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Vermont
One of the New England states.
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Vecchietta, Lorenzo di Pietro
Artist. (1412-1480)
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Verne, Jules
Novelist. (1828-1905)
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Villani, Giovanni
Florentine historian, b. about 1276; d. of the plague in 1348.
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Vicelinus, Saint
Apostle of Holstein. (1086-1154)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15404a.htm
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Valentine, Saint
At least three different Saint Valentines, all of them martyrs, are mentioned in the early
martyrologies under date of 14 February.
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Veroli, Diocese of
Located in the Province of Rome.
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Via Crucis
A series of pictures or tableaux representing certain scenes in the Passion of Christ, each
corresponding to a particular incident, or the special form of devotion connected with such
representations.
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Versions of the Bible, Coptic
The Coptic language is now recognized in four principal dialects, Bohairic (formerly Memphitic),
Fayumic, Sahidic (formerly Theban), and Akhmimic.
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Verecundus
Bishop of Junca, in the African Province of Byzacena, in the middle of the sixth century.
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Verrazano, Giovanni da
Navigator, died 1527.
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Vernazza, Tommasina
Entered the monastery of St. Maria delle Grazie, and became a canoness regular, taking the name of
Battistina. (1497-1587)
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Van der Sandt, Maximilian
Wrote works on philosophy and theology, including a notable controversial reply to the Batavian
Calvinist Lawrence in defence of the moral teaching of the Jesuits. (1578-1656)
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Vaughan, Roger William
Second Archbishop of Sydney. (1834-1883)
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Veron, François
French controversialist, born at Paris about 1575; died at Charenton, 1625.
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Vespers, Sicilian
The traditional name given to the insurrection which broke out at Palermo on Easter Tuesday, 31
March, 1282, against the domination of Charles of Anjou.
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Venosa
Diocese in Southern Italy.
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Vernier, Pierre
Inventor of the instrument which bears his name. (1580-1637)
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Verdun, Diocese of
Comprises the Department of the Meuse.
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Verdi, Giuseppe
Italian composer. (1813-1901)
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Vatican, The
Detailed history and information.
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Verbiest, Ferdinand
Jesuit missionary and astronomer. (1623-1688)
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Vera Cruz
Diocese of the Mexican Republic, suffragan of the Archbishopric of Mexico.
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Vandals
A Germanic people belonging to the family of East Germans.
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Vives, Juan Luis
Spanish humanist and philosopher. (1492-1540)
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Versions of the Bible
Details on Greek, Hebrew, English, and others.
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Veni Sancte Spiritus Reple
A prose invocation of the Holy Ghost.
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Veronica, Saint
In several regions of Christendom there is honored under this name a pious matron of Jerusalem who,
during the Passion of Christ, as one of the holy women who accompanied Him to Calvary.
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Vega, Andreas de
Spanish theologian. (d. 1560)
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Visitation Convent, Georgetown
Located in the District of Columbia, United States of America.
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Vaux-de-Cernay
Cistercian abbey situated in the Diocese of Versailles, Seine-et-Oise, in what was called the
"Isle-de-France".
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Voluntary
Wilful, proceeding from the will.
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Verdaguer, Jacinto
Spanish poet. (1845-1902)
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Veil, Religious
The bride of Christ, as the vestal virgins had done, adopted the veil, which thus symbolized not so
much the purity as the inviolable fidelity to Christ which was to be reverenced in her.
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Veglia, Diocese of
In Austria, suffragan of Görz-Gradisca.
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Venusti, Raffaele
Italian controversialist. (d. 1543)
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Valerian
Roman emperor. (253-60)
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Verapoly, Archdiocese of
Located on the Malabar Coast, India, having the Diocese of Quilon as suffragan.
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Vavasseur, François
Humanist and controversialist. (1605-1681)
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Vauquelin, Louis-Nicolas
French chemist. (1763-1829)
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Venezuela
A republic formed out of the provinces which, under Spanish rule, constituted the captaincy general
of the same name.
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Venard, Théophane
French missionary, born at St-Loup, Diocese of Poitiers; martyred in Tonkin, 2 February, 1861.
(1829-1861)
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Valverde, Vincent de
First Bishop of Cuzco. (d. 1541)
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Valva and Sulmona, Dioceses of
Located in Italy, Valva, a medieval castle belonging to the Bishop of Sulmona, Baron of Valva, is
situated near the ancient Corfinium, chief town of the Peligni, a Samnite tribe.
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Vase, Altar
Holds flowers for the decoration of the altar.
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Vincenzo de Vit
Latinist. (1810-1892)
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Vianney, Saint Jean-Baptiste-Marie
Curé of Ars, born at Dardilly, near Lyons, France, on 8 May, 1786; died at Ars, 4 August, 1859.
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Valentine, Pope
Reigned briefly in A.D. 827.
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Venice
The capital of a province in Northern Italy, is formed of a group of 117 small islands joined
together by 378 bridges mostly built of stone.
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Valona
Titular see, suffragan of Dyrrachium, in Epirus Nova.
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Van den Broek, Theodore J.
Priest and missionary. (1783-1851)
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Vocation, Ecclesiastical and Religious
The special gift of those who, in the Church of God, follow with a pure intention the
ecclesiastical profession of the evangelical counsels.
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Veith, Johann Emanuel
Preacher. (1787-1876)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15322b.htm
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Vaudreuil
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil. Governor of Canada, died 1725.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15311a.htm
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Vatable, François
Abbot of Bellozane, died 1547.
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Vicariate Apostolic (Updated List)
Recenty erected vicariates Apostolic as of 1913.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16082a.htm
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Van Beethoven, Ludwig
Composer. (1770-1827)
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Veil, Humeral
This is the name given to a cloth of rectangular shape about 8 ft. long and 1 1/2 ft. wide.
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Veghe, Johannes
German preacher and religious writer, died 1504.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15320a.htm
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Vegio, Maffeo
Humanist, poet, and educator. (1406-1458)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15320b.htm
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Vannes, Diocese of
Comprises the Department of Morbihan, and was re-established by the Concordat of 1802.
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Vanni, Andrea
Painter and statesman. (1320-1414)
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Vatican Council
The twentieth and up to 1912, the last ecumenical council, opened on 8 December, 1869, and
adjourned on 20 October, 1870.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15303a.htm
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Vavasour, Thomas
English physician. (1536-1585)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15316b.htm
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Vaillant de Gueslis, François
Jesuit missionary. (1646-1718)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15249b.htm
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Vergilius of Salzburg, Saint
Eighth-century Irish missionary.
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Visit ad Limina
The obligation incumbent on certain members of the hierarchy of visiting, the "thresholds of
the Apostles", Sts. Peter and Paul, and of presenting themselves before the pope to give an
account of the state of their dioceses.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15478a.htm
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Vatican Observatory
Gregory XIII ordered a tower to be erected in a convenient part of the Vatican buildings, and to be
fitted out with the greatest and best instruments of the time.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15309a.htm
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Vaughan, Herbert
Cardinal, and third Archbishop of Westminster. (1832-1903)
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Vaux, Laurence
Martyr in prison. (1519-1585)
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Vandal, Albert
French writer. (1853-1910)
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Van der Bundere, Joannes
A Flemish theologian and controversialist. (1482-1557)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03059a.htm
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Van der Weyden, Rogier
Painter. (1399-1464)
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Vaticanus, Codex
A quarto volume written in uncial letters of the fourth century.
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Vancouver
Archdiocese; includes that part of the mainland of the Province of British Columbia south of 54 °
N. lat. and west of the Straits of Georgia, together with the Queen Charlotte Islands.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15267b.htm
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Vasquez, Gabriel
Theologian. (1549-1604)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15275a.htm
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Van de Velde, Peter
Spanish painter. (1503-1580)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15270a.htm
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Vasari, Giorgio
Painter, architect, and writer. (1511-1574)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15274a.htm
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Veni Sancte Spiritus Et Emitte Coelitus
Sung at Mass from Whitsunday until the following Saturday inclusively, and comprises ten stanzas.
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Vane, Thomas
Seventeenth-century convert from Anglicanism.
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Van Cleef, Martin
Flemish painter. (1520-1570)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04011a.htm
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Vanni, Francesco
Siennese painter. (1565-1609)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15272b.htm
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Versailles
Diocese includes the Department of Seine-et-Oise, France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15366a.htm
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Vargas, Luis de
Seville painter. (1502-1568)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15273a.htm
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Villalpandus, Juan Bautista
His fame rests mainly on a "Commentary on Ezechiel".
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Valentinian III
Reigned 425-55, son of Constantius III and Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius, succeeded
Emperor Honorius.(419-455)
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Vitellius, Lucius
Proclaimed Roman Emperor by the soldiers at Cologne during the civil war of A.D. 69; d. at Rome, 21
Dec., 69.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15486e.htm
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Visions
The article deals not with natural but with supernatural visions, that is, visions due to the
direct intervention of a power superior to man.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15477a.htm
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Vaz, Blessed Joseph
A Goanese priest, Apostle of Ceylon. (1651-1711)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15317b.htm
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Vacz, Diocese of
Located in Hungary; suffragan of Gran; probably founded by King St. Stephen.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15525b.htm
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Valois, Henri
Philologist. (1603-1676)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15263a.htm
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Vallumbrosan Order
Founded by St. John Gualbert, son of the noble Florentine Gualbert Visdomini.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15262a.htm
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Votive Mass
A Mass offered for a votum, a special intention.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15508b.htm
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Valliscaulian Order
Founded towards the end of the twelfth century by Viard, a lay brother of the Carthusian priory of
Loubigny, in the Diocese of Langres.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15261c.htm
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Valroger, Hyacinthe de
French oratorian, first studied medicine, and was later ordained priest. (1814-1876)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15264b.htm
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Vizagapatam, Diocese of
Located in the east of India, suffragan to Madras.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15496a.htm
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Van Beneden, Pierre-Joseph
Professor of zoology and comparative anatomy in the Catholic University at Louvain. (1809-1831)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15266a.htm
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Vacancy
A term applied to an office or position devoid of an incumbent, as a vacant benefice, bishopric, or
parish.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15248b.htm
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Van Cleef, Jan
Flemish painter. (1646-1716)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04010d.htm
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Volterra
Diocese in Tuscany.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15504b.htm
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Van Buren, William Home
American surgeon. (1819-1883)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15267a.htm
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Valladolid, University of
Alfonso XI was the patron of Valladolid.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15259a.htm
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Vallarsi, Dominic
Italian priest. (1702-1771)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15260a.htm
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Visits to the Blessed Sacrament
The conception is that in the tabernacle Jesus Christ, as it were, holds His court, and is prepared
to grant audience to all who draw near to Him.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15483b.htm
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Valla, Lorenzo
Humanist and philosopher. (1405-1457)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15257a.htm
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