| Directory > Reference > Encyclopedias > Subject Encyclopedias > Spartacus Educational > Prime Ministers Clement Attlee
Member of the Labour Party. Served as prime minister from 1945-51. Presided over a number of
social reforms, including establishment of the National Health Service and nationalization of some
industries, services and the Bank of England. (1883-1967)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUattlee.htm
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Winston Churchill
Statesman, author, prime minister from 1940-45 and 1951-55. Won Nobel Prize for literature in 1953.
Includes excerpts from his speeches. (1874-1965)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRchurchill.htm
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Neville Chamberlain
Successful businessman before entering Parliament in 1918. Became cabinet minister and succeeded
Baldwin as Conservative prime minister in 1937. Advocated foreign policy of appeasement and signed
the Munich Agreement in 1938, which transferred to Germany the Sudetenland. Replaced in office in
1940 by Winston Churchill. (1869-1940)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRchamberlain.htm
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James Ramsay MacDonald
Born in Scotland, he became leader of the Labour Party in 1911. Became Britain's first Labour
prime minister in 1923 for one year, when his government fell. Served again from 1929-31, when
Great Depression led to collapse of the Labour government. (1866-1937).
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmacdonald.htm
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Stanley Baldwin
Elected as Conservative Party MP, Financial Secretary to the Treasury and President of the Board of
Trade. Served three times as prime minister. Dealt with labor unrest in coal mining industry.
Praised for his handling of the abdication crisis in 1936, he resigned from office in May, 1937.
(1867-1947)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbaldwin.htm
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Andrew Bonar Law
Born in Rexton, New Brunswick, Canada. Moved to Scotland and became leader of the Conservative
Party, Secretary of State for the Colonies, and Chancellor of the Exchequer. Became Prime Minister
in 1922. (1858-1923)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbonar.htm
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David Lloyd George
Gained reputation as an orator, solicitor and preacher. Joined the Liberal Party and became an
alderman. Advocated insurance reform and women's rights. Served as prime minister from 1916-22.
(1863-1945)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgeorge.htm
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Herbert Asquith
Liberal MP and served as prime minister from 1908-16. Introduced series of reforms including the
Old Age Pensions Act and the People's Budget that resulted in a conflict with the House of Lords.
Granted the title, the Earl of Oxford, in 1925. (1852-1928)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRasquith.htm
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Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Served in various parliament positions and became leader of the House of Commons. Opposed the Boer
War and advocated comprehensive social reforms. (1836-1908)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbannerman.htm
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Arthur Balfour
Appointed as Secetary for Scotland and became leader of the House of Commons in 1892. Served as
prime minister from 1902-05. Events during his premiership included the 1902 Education Act and the
ending of the Boer War. Issued the Balfour Declaration in 1917. (1848-1930).
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbalfour.htm
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Robert Cecil: Marquis of Salisbury
Became Secretary for India in Lord Derby's government and Foreign Secretary. Became leader of the
Conservative Party and prime minister in 1885. Supported the policies that led to the Boer War.
(1830-1903)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsalisbury.htm
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Earl of Rosebery
Archibald Philip Primrose. Served as Foreign Secretary under Gladstone. Appointed prime minister
by Queen Victoria and was in office from 1894-95. Led the Liberal Party until he resigned in 1896.
(1847-1929)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRrosebery.htm
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William Gladstone
Statesman and prime minister four times between 1868 and 1894. Leader of the Liberal Party.
Advocated voting rights for working class males. (1809-1898).
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgladstone.htm
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Benjamin Disraeli
Statesman, prime minister in 1868, 1874-80 and novelist. His second tenure as prime minister was
noted for British expansion and social reforms. His novels Coningsby, Sybil, and Tancred show
concern about poverty and the injustice of the parliamentary system. (1804-81)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRdisraeli.htm
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Lord Palmerston
Served as Secretary at War under five prime ministers. Influenced foreign affairs from 1830-65 and
supported liberal and national causes in Europe. Became prime minister at age 70 for three years,
followed by second period when he was 75. (1784-1865)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpalmerston.htm
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Earl of Aberdeen
George Hamilton Gordon, was born in Edinburgh and became the 4th Earl in 1801. As special
ambassador to Vienna he successfully negotiated the Treaty of Toplitz. Was prime minister from
1852-1855. (1784-1860)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRaberdeen.htm
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Earl of Derby
Edward Stanley was the son of the 13th Earl of Derby. Belonged to the Whig Party and later joined
the Conservative government. Held positions in parliament and became leader of the Protectionists.
Served as prime minister three times. (1799-1868)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRderby1.htm
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Lord John Russell
Leader of the Whig campaign in the House of Commons for parliamentary reform and served as prime
minister from 1846-52 and 1865-66. As an author, his writings concentrated on books about his
political hero, Charles Fox. (1792-1878)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRrussell.htm
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Sir Robert Peel
Served in the House of Commons and was appointed chief secretary for Ireland. Accepted the post of
Home Secretary and was responsible for large-scale reform in the legal system. Was prime minister
in 1834-35 and 1841-46. (1788-1850)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpeel.htm
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Lord Melbourne
William Lamb was born in London and and was chief secretary of Ireland. Inherited his father's
title in 1828, when he moved to the House of Lords. Became prime minister in 1834 for only a few
months, but was reappointed the following year. (1779-1848)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmelbourne.htm
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Earl Grey
Born as Charles Grey. Was later granted the titles Viscount Howick and Earl Grey. Became Foreign
Secretary and leader of the House of Commons and was responsible for the act abolishing the African
Slave Trade. Served as prime minister from 1830-1834. (1764-1845)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgrey.htm
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Duke of Wellington
Arthur Wellesley was born in Dublin. He attended military school and became a brigade commander.
Although he received some political appointments, he remained in the army. Was commander of the
forces which defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. Served as prime minister from 1828-1830. Buried in St
Paul's Cathedral. (1769-1852)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwellington.htm
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Viscount Goderich
Born in London as Frederick Robinson. Elected to the House of Commons. Later as President of the
Board of Trade he introduced the new Corn Laws and supported the Six Acts. Granted a peerage by
prime minister, George Canning, he served as prime minister from 1827-28. In 1833 he was granted a
new title, the Earl of Ripon. (1782-1847)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgoderich.htm
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George Canning
Statesman, who served as secretary of state for Foreign Affairs, paymaster-general and treasurer of
the navy under William Pitt. Appointed as prime minister in 1827.(1770-1827)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcanning.htm
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Lord Liverpool
Robert Jenkinson was born in London. Became the second Earl of Liverpool when his father died.
Was leader of the House of Lords, appointed secretary of war and the colonies and served as prime
minister for fifteen years. (1770-1828)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRliverpool.htm
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Spencer Perceval
Served in various posts of Parliament. Appointed prime minister in 1809 and served until 1812, the
only British prime minister in history to be assassinated. (1762-1812)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRperceval.htm
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Duke of Portland
William Cavendish Bentinck received his title when his father died in 1762. Served as lord
chamberlain and then became leader of the Whig administration. He also served as Home Secretary
under Henry Addington. (1738-1809) (1738-1809)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRportland.htm
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Lord Grenville
Entered the House of Commons in 1782, was a strong supporter of Catholic Emancipation and strong
opponent of the slave trade. A paralytic attack brought an end to his political career.
(1759-1834)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgrenville.htm
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William Pitt
Grew up with a strong interest in politics, served in the House of Commons and argued that
parliamentary reform was necessary for the preservation of liberty. Was prime minister from
1783-1801 and 1804-6. (1759-1806)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpitt.htm
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Henry Addington
Become speaker of the House of Commons in 1789 and was appointed prime minister in 1801. His stand
against Catholic Emancipation proved to be unpopular. In 1804 he resigned when large numbers of
his own party turned against him. The following year Addington was granted the title of Lord
Sidmouth. (1757-1844)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsidmouth.htm
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